American 
Hardwood Manufacturers' 
Association 
TS 

•<4f 




INSPECTION RULES ON 

HARDWOOD LUMBER 

AND SALES CODE 



OF 



American 

Hardwood Manufacturers' 

Association 

Bank of Commerce & Trust Co. Building 
MEMPHIS, TENN. 



EFFECTIVE FEBRUARY 1,1919 



Copyright 1919 By American Hardwood Manufacturers- Association 



American 

Hardwood Manufacturers' 

Association 



INSPECTION RULES ON 

HARDWOOD LUMBER 

AND SALES CODE 



OF 



American 

Hardwood Manufacturers' 

Association 

Bank of Commerce & Trust Co. Building 
MEMPHIS, TENN. 



/ ' 



I 



EFFECTIVE FEBRUARY 1,1919 



INDEX M 

GENERAL 






Page 

Definitions 12 

General Instructions 9- 11 

Reinspection 7 

Sales Code 6- 8 

Special Inspection 131-132 

Standard Weights 133-134 

Standard Thicknesses 13 



WOODS 

Ash 14- 16 

Basswood 17- 20 

Bay Poplar (Tupelo) 21- 23 

Beech 24- 26 

Birch, Red 27 

Birch, White 27- 29 

Buckeye 30- 32 

Butternut 33- 34 

Cherry 35- 37 

Chestnut 38- 40 

Cottonwood 41- 44 

Cypress 45- 51 

Elm, Rock 52- 53 

Elm, Soft 54- 55 

Gum, Black 56- 57 

Gum, Black Quarter Sawn 58- 59 

Gum, Red Plain Sawn 60- 62 

Gum, Red Plain Sawn, Figured Wood... 62 

Gum, Red Quarter Sawn 63- 

Gum, Red Quarter Sawn, Figured Wood. 65 

Gum, Quarter Sawn, Sap No Defect 66 

Gum, Sap 66- 69 

Hackberry 70- 72 

Hickory 73- 74 

Locust 75- 76 

Magnolia 77- 80 

Mahogany, Cuban 81- 82 

Mahogany, Mexican and African 83- 85 

Mahogany, Philippine 86- 88 

Maple, Hard 89- yi 

,Ma))Ie, Soft 92- 94 



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INDEX — Continued 

WOODS— Continued 

Page 

Oak, Plain Sawn Red and White 95-101 

Oak, Quarter Sawn Red and White .102-105 

Pecan 106-107 

Poplar, Plain Sawn 108-115 

Poplar, Quarter Sawn 116 

Sycamore, Plain 117-119 

Sycamore, Quarter Sawn 120-122 

Tupelo 21- 23 

Vehicle Lumber and Dimension 99-100 

Walnut 123-124 

Wagon Stock 127-130 

Willow 125-126 



Terms, regulations and inspec- 
tion rules were adopted by the 
American Hardwood Manu- 
facturers' Association on Feb- 
ruary 1, 1919, and are known 
as the "Inspection Rules and 
Sales Code of the American 
Hardwood Manufacturers' 
Association." 

The Sales Code contemplates that 
quotations, orders and contracts cov- 
ering the sale of Forest Products in 
which the members of this Associa- 
tion deal, contain the clause: "Subject 
to the Inspection Rules and Sales 
Code of the American Hardwood 
Manufacturers' Association," and 
that all transactions shall be governed 
and controlled (with such exceptions 
as are specifically made in writing) by 
said Inspection Rules and Sales Code. 



A. H. M. A. 



SALES CODE 

QUOTATIONS 

1. All Quotations are made subject to prior 
sale, immediate acceptance, and cnange without 
notice. 

ORDERS, CONTRACTS, ACKNOWLEDG- 
MENTS 

1. All orders or contracts should be sub- 
mitted to the Home Office of the Seller, in writ- 
ing - , but whether in writing- or otherwise they 
shall not be considered binding until accepted 
by the Seller in writing from his Home Office. 
Such acceptance or acknowledgment of orders 
shall state fully and in detail the Seller's un- 
derstanding of the transaction, and omissions, 
errors or misunderstandings should be cor- 
rected by Purchaser by return mail. 

DELIVERED PRICE, FREIGHT RATES, 

SWITCHING CHARGES, GOVERNMENT 

TAX OR DUTY, DAMAGE, ETC. 

1. The delivered price (F. O. B. destination) 
includes only the usual freight charges to point 
of delivery mentioned, based upon published 
freight rates in effect at time of quotation; 
switching or other terminal charges at destina- 
tion, any advance in freight rates, and any tax 
or duty assessed by the Government on freight, 
or the goods to be borne by the buyer. 

2. The Seller does not guarantee safe delivery, 
nor insure against breakage, loss or damage to 
material while in transit. 

INVOICES 

1. Promptly upon acceptance of shipment by 
initial line of Railroad, the Seller shall mail to 
the Purchaser an invoice giving full informa- 
tion in connection with shipment, and in all 
instances bearing date coincident with date of 
Bill of Lading. Omissions, clerical errors, etc., 
subject to correction. 

TERMS OF PAYMENT 

1. Prompt payment for each shipment is a 
substantial requirement of each transaction. 
Freight due upon arrival of shipment at desti- 
nation to be paid by the Purchaser; original 
Expense Bill (or certified copy thereof) to be 
sent promptly to the Seller. 

2. A discount of two (2%) per cent, will be 
allowed upon cash payment of ninety (90%) 



A. H. M. A. 



per cent, of invoice, less estimated freight, on 
receipt of invoice; balance to be remitted upon 
receipt and inspection of lumber. 

3. Or a discount of one (17c) per cent, will be 
allowed for settlement by trade acceptance, 
due thirty (30) days from date of invoice for 
ninety (90%) per cent, of invoice, less esti- 
mated freight; balance to be remitted upon re- 
ceipt and inspection of lumber. 

4. Or settlement by Trade Acceptance, due 
ninety (90) days from date of invoice for ninety 
(90%) per cent, of invoice, less estimated 
freight; balance to be remitted net upon re- 
ceipt and inspection of lumber. 

5. No discount allowed on freight, whether 
or not prepaid. 

6. All cash payments to be made in funds at 
par in Federal Reserve Bank Region in which 
Seller is located. 

GENERAL CONTINGENCY CLAUSE 

1. Quotations are based upon and orders and 
contracts accepted under a "General Contin- 
gency Clause" which recognizes that in case 
of strikes, floods, fire, epidemics, inability to se- 
cure cars, delays of carriers, or any other 
causes whatsoever beyond the control of the 
Seller, shipments and deliveries may be delayed 
until such causes and their effects have been 
removed. 

REINSPECTION OR REM EASUREMENT 

1. In the event of complaint by the Pur- 
chaser on the quality or inspection of material 
shipped, purchaser shall pay freight, unload 
shipment and hold rejected or disputed mater- 
ial intact, properly protected, and shall file 
complaint with Seller within five (5) days from 
receipt of shipment. If complaint is on meas- 
urement, or both inspection and measurement, 
the entire contents of car must be held intact. 
Payment of freight or invoice shall not be con- 
sidered as an acceptance of the shipment nor 
shall such payment work a forfeiture of the 
right to enter complaint and have adjustment 
of same. 

2. Upon receipt of complaint from the Pur- 
chaser, the Seller shall immediately request 
the American Hardwood Manufacturers' Asso- 
ciation to provide reinspection or remeasure- 
ment, as the case may be, by one of its li- 
censed inspectors, according to the inspection 
rules of that Association in effect at the time 
of execution of contract. The Purchaser shall 
lend all reasonable assistance to facilitate the 
reinspection, or remeasurement. 



A. H. M. A. 



3^ Certificates to be issued by the said Asso- 
ciation, showing the name of the Seller and Pur- 
chaser, and the results of the reinspection or 
remeasurement; the original to be mailed to 
the Seller, the duplicate to the Purchaser. 

4. In the event either the Purchaser or Seller 
is not satisfied with the result of a reinspec- 
tion, he shall nave the right to demand that a 
reinspection be made by the chief inspector. 
All requests for reinspection by the chief in- 
spector must be made within five days from 
the receipt of the inspection certificate. 

SETTLEMENT BASED ON REINSPECTION 
OR REMEASUREMENT 

1. Such reinspection or remeasurement, when 
had, shall be final and be binding upon both 
Seller and Purchaser. 

2. The Purchaser shall accept all material of 
the grade and kind purchased, and all of the 
next lower grade not in excess of five (5%) 
per cent, of the total quantity involved, and 
shall pay for said degrade at the current propor- 
tionate price. All degrades in excess of five 
(5%) per cent, shall be the property of the 
Seller. 



A. H. M. A. 9 

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 

For the Manufacture, Inspection and 

Measurement of Hardwood 

Lumber 

1. Lumber must be inspected and measured 
as the inspector finds it, of full length and 
width. He shall make no allowance for the 
purpose of raising - the grade. 

2. Exceptions to the general rules are stated 
under the caption of the respective woods. 

3. Inspection must be made from the poor 
side of the piece, except as otherwise sDecified. 

4. These rules define the poorest piece in any 
given grade, but the respective grades must 
contain all pieces up to the next higher grade. 

5. In the following rules all widths and 
lengths mentioned are inclusive. 

MANUFACTURE 

1. Lumber should be properly manufactured, 
trimmed and edged, of good average widths 
and lengths. It must be of standard thick- 
ness when shipping dry, with the exception 
that in the grades of Common, the percent- 
age not included in the cutting may be scant 
in thickness, provided the cuttings are of 
standard thickness and that there is no greater 
variation in the thickness of the board than is 
allowed in the rule describing missawn lumber. 

2. Lumber showing greater variation in 
thickness than 1/16" at any point in stock cut. 
1/2" thick or less, or 1/8" in 5/8" and 3/4" 
stock, or 1/4" in 1" to 2" stock, or 3/8" in 
2 1 /2" and thicker stock, must be measured 
at the thinnest part and classed as missawn, 
and graded and reported as such. 

MINIMUM WIDTHS 

1. OOOr of the minimum widths mentioned in 
all grades of lumber must be full width; the 
remaining 10% may be 1/4" scant in width. 

MEASUREMENT 

1. In the measurement of lumber of random 
widths, fractions of over 1/2', as shown on the 
board rule, must be counted up to the next 
higher figure: fractions of exactly 1/2' and less, 
as shown on the board rule, must be counted 
back to the next lower figure. 

2. A board rule on which the 1/2" is clearly 
marked should be used. 



10 A. H. M. A. 



3. Tapering lumber in standard lengths must 
be measured one-third the length of the piece 
from the narrow end. 

TALLY 

1. A piece tally in feet must be made of all 
lumber. All lumber of standard grades and 
thicknesses must be tallied face or surface 
measure, and this tally must be the number of 
feet, board measure, of 1" lumber. If the lum- 
ber is thicker than 1", then the tally so ob- 
tained must be ' multiplied by the thickness as 
expressed in inches and fractions of an inch. 
All lumber less than 1" must be counted face 
measure. When strips or stock widths are 
measured, a tally showing widths and lengths 
must be made. 

HEART 

1. Heart, where the extent or damage does 
not exceed the equivalent of standard defects 
allowed, will be admitted in the grade of Firsts 
and Seconds. 

2. In the grade of No. 1 Common, no piece 
shall contain heart to exceed one-half its length 
in the aggregate. 

SEASON CHECKS 

1. Ordinary season checks are not to be con- 
sidered defects, but if of so serious a character 
as to damage the lumber they are to be con- 
sidered by the inspector. 

SPLITS 

1. Six inches of straight split in one end, or 
its equivalent in both ends, will not be con- 
sidered a defect in the grade of Firsts and 
Seconds. 

SAP 

1. Bright sap is no defect unless so stated 
under caption of the respective woods. 

STAIN 

1. Stain that will surface off in dressing to 
the standard thickness must not be considered 
a defect. 

BURLS 

1. Burls that do not contain knots or un- 
sound centers shall not be considered defects. 

WANE 

1. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds, wane 
along the edge not exceeding one- sixth the 



A. H. M. A. 11 



length of the piece, or its equivalent at one 
end or both ends, not exceeding in thickness 
one-half the thickness of the piece, and not 
exceeding in width, as shown in the follow- 
ing table, is not a defect: 

1/2" in width in 1/2", 5/8" and 3/4" lumber. 

3/4" in width in 1", 1 1/4", 1 1/2", 1 3/4" 
and 2" lumber. 

1" in width in 2 1/2" and thicker lumber. 

STANDARD DEFECTS 

1. One Knot 1 1/4" in diameter. 

2. Two Knots not exceeding in extent or 
damage one 1 1/4" knot. 

3. Splits — In lumber of random widths, one 
split not diverging more than 1" to a foot, and 
not exceeding in length in inches the surface 
measure of the piece in feet; but not more 
than two defects of this character are ad- 
mitted in a piece of the grade of Firsts and 
Seconds. Firsts and Seconds sold in any ser- 
ies of special widths 10" or wider will not 
allow more than one standard defect of this 
character in any piece. 

4. Wane in excess of free wane allowed in 
Firsts and Seconds grade must be considered 
as standard defects in the proportion of 1" in 
width, one-sixth the length of the board, 
extending parallel with the edge, or its equiva- 
lent at one or both ends, as one standard de- 
fect. 

5. Worm, Grub, Knot, and Rafting Pin Holes, 
not exceeding in extent or damage one 1 1/4" 
knot. 

6. Heart and other defects not enumerated 
as standard defects that do not damage the 
piece more than the standard defects allowed, 
are equivalent defects and must be so consid- 
ered by the inspector. 



12 A. H. M. A. 

DEFINITIONS 

CUTTINGS 

1. The word Cutting as used in these rules 
means a portion of a board or plank obtained 
by cross cutting, by ripping, or by both. 

2. The term Clear Face Cutting, as used in 
these rules, means a cutting having one face 
clear and the reverse face sound. 

3. The term Sound Cutting, as used in these 
rules, means a cutting free from rot and shake 
and other defects which materially impair the 
strength of the piece. 

GOOD EDGE 

1. The term Good Edge, as used in these 
rules, will admit no unsound defects, excepting 
a slight amount of wane, not to exceed one- 
third the length and one-third the thickness of 
the piece, or its equivalent in other defects. 

STANDARD GRADES 

1. The standard grades of hardwood lumber 
are found under the caption of the respective 
woods. Firsts and Seconds are combined as 
one grade. 

2. The percentage of Firsts in the combined 
grade of Firsts and Seconds to be as follows: 

3. Poplar, not less than 50%. 

4. African and Mexican Mahogany, not less 
than 35%. 

5. Tupelo, Plain and Quartered Svcamore, 
White Ash, Plain Oak, Chestnut, Red Gum. Sap 
Gum, Cottonwood, Black Gum, Magnolia. 
Locust, Hackberry, and Willow, not less than 
33 1/3%. 

6. Cherry. Beech, Soft Elm, Buckeye, Quar- 
tered Oak, Quartered Red Gum, and Quartered 
Red Gum sap no defect, not less than 25%. 

STANDARD LENGTHS 

1. Standard lengths are 4', 5'. 6', 7', 8'. 9'. 10'. 
11', 12', 13', 14', 15' and 16', but not over 15% 
of odd lengths are admitted. 

2. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds the 
lengths are 8' to 16', but there must not be 
more than 20% under 12' and not to exceed 
10% of 8' and 9' lengths, except as otherwise 
specified. 



A. H. M. A. 



13 



STANDARD THICKNESSES 

1. The standard thicknesses of hardwood lum- 
ber are: 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", 5/8", 3/4", 1", 1 1/4", 
1 1/2", 1 3/4", 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2" 
5", 5 1/2", and 6". 

2. The standard thicknesses for surfaced 
lumber are as follows: 



Rough 




Surfaced 


3/8" 


surfaced two sides to 


3/16" 


1/2" 


surfaced two sides to 


5/16" 


5/8" 


surfaced two sides to 


7/16" 


3/4" 


surfaced two sides to 


9/16" 


1" 


surfaced two sides to 


13/16" 


1 1/4" 


surfaced two sides to 


1 3/32" 


1 1/2" 


surfaced two sides to 


1 11/32" 


1 3/4" 


surfaced two sides to 


1 1/2" 


2" 


surfaced two sides to 


1 3/4" 


2 1/2" 


surfaced two sides to 


2 1/4" 


3" 


surfaced two sides to 


2 3/4" 


3 1/2" 


surfaced two sides to 


3 1/4" 


4" 


surfaced two sides" to 


3 3/4" 



3. Lumber surfaced on one side only must be 
1/16" full of the above thickness. 



14 A. H. M. A. 



ASH 



1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long - . Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have. one standard defect or its equiva- 
lent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may 
have two standard defects or their equivalent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard., defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. Widths: 5" and over "wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long 
must work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 



A. H. M. A. 15 



No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

C Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and 
over wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3 » clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in 
not over four cuttings. 

S. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 



No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 
4' and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% clear face in not over three cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 50% clear face in not over four 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 50% clear face in not over 
five cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 



No. 3 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Each piece must contain at least 50% 
sound cutting. 

4. The minimum length of any cutting to 
be 18". The minimum width of any cutting 
to be 3". No cutting to contain less than 72 
square inches. 



No. 4 COMMON 

1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber 
not up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can 
be used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, 
etc. Worm holes are not to be considered de- 
fects, and unsound lumber with sufficient sub- 
stance to hold nails admitted. 



16 A. H. M. A. 



STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
5", 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half 
and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" 
dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: S' to 16'. 

2. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
long, must have one clear face and two good 

6d£f6S. 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face 
in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be. 
considered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4". 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face 
and two good edges. The reverse face must 
be sound. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4". 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 
4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings. No cutting to be considered 
which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both 
edges of the cutting in this grade must be good 
and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. 



A. H. M. A. 17 



BASSWOOD 



1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

, SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long 
must work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than . those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter; two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length. of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths 4' and over long, not over 30% 
shorter than 10' and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and V long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 



18 A. H. M. A. 



:k 

•s. 



pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3.% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and .over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 



No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must bf> 3" and over wide. 
4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. % 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% clear face in not over three 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 50% clear face in not over four 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 50% clear face in not over 
five cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 



No. 3 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Each piece must contain at least 50 
sound cutting. 

4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square 
inches. 

No. 4 COMMON 

1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not 
up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be 
used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. 
Worm holes are not to be considered detects, 
and unsound lumber with sufficient substance 
to hold nails admitted. 



A. H. M. A. 19 



STRIPS 



1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half 
and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" 
dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
long, must have one clear face and two good 
edges 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66' 2/3% clear face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
and over long, nrmst work 66 2/3% clear face 
in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be 
considered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

4. Pieces 3 i '2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face 
and two good edges; the reverse face must be 
sound. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 
4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings. No cutting to be considered 
which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both 
edges of the cutting in this grade must be 
good and the reverse face of cutting must be 
sound. 

WAGON BOX BOARDS 

1. Widths: Wide, 13" to 17". Narrow, 9" 
to 12". 

2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 

3. Thickness: Must be 1" thick when ship- 
ping dry. 

4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few 
scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 

5. 11' lengths will admit 3" splits in one end, 
or their equivalent in one or both ends. 

6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 
12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one 
or both ends. 



20 A. H. M. A. 



7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one 
end, or their equivalent in both ends; other- 
wise each piece in 11' to 13' lengths may con- 
tain defects that do not prevent the piece 
from cutting one side; or in each piece 14' to 
16' long, one side and one end; sides to work 
10' 6" long, ends to work 3' 6" long by the full 
width of the piece. Each side and end may 
contain one sound standard defect, or its equiv- 
alent, showing on one side. 

8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a ship- 
ment that can be reduced in measurement by 
cutting the end or edge or both to a size 
ordered must be accepted and measured as box 
boards; separate tally to be kept of such boards, 
showing reduction in measurement. 

9. Inspectors are cautioned that lumber so 
warped that it cannot be used for box boards 
must be excluded from this grade. 



A. H. M. A. 21 



BAY POPLAR (TUPELO) 

Jointly Adopted by American Hardwood Manu- 
facturers' Association and The Southern 
Cypress Manufacturers' Association. 

1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8'. 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and V long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to S" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide. 7' to 11' long, must 
"ork 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5 1 " to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide. 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide. 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 



22 A. H. M. A. 



9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' Ion 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide. 
4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' 
lengths. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% sound in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% sound in not over three cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 50% sound in not over four cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 50% sound in not over five 
cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3 "wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, and must contain at least 
25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of 
cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered 
which contains less than 36 square inches. 

WAGON BOX BOARDS 

1. Widths: Wide, 13" to 17". Narrow, 9" 
to 12". 

2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 

3. Thickness: Must be 1" thick when ship- 
ping dry. 

4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few 
scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 

5. 11' lengths will admit 3" splits in one end, 
or their equivalent in one or both ends. 

6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 
12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one or 
both ends. 

7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one end, 
or their equivalent in both ends; otherwise each 
piece in 11' to 13' lengths may contain defects 
that do not prevent the piece from cutting one 
side; or in each piece 14' to 16' long, one side 
and one end: sides to work 10' 6" long, ends to 
work 3' 6" long by the full width of the piece. 
Each, side and end may contain one sound 
standard defect, of its equivalent, showing on 
one side. 

8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a ship- 
ment that can be reduced in measurement by 
cutting the end or edge or both to a size or- 
dered must be accepted and measured as box 
boards; separate tally to be kept of such boards, 
showing reduction in measurement. 



!S3 



A. H. M. A. 23 



9. Inspectors are cautioned that lumber so 
warped that it cannot be used for box boards 
must be excluded from this grade. 

B AND BETTER 

1. Thicknesses: 1" to 2". 

2. Widths: Shall be specified, 4", 5", 6", 8". 
10" and 12", and may be furnished in assorted 
widths 4" to 12", admitting- 20% of '<", y" an.l 
11" widths. May also be furnished In random 
widths, 13" and wider. 

3. Lengths: S' to 20'. 

4. Shall be graded from the better side. 
Slightly discolored sap is no defect. 

5. Pieces 4" and 5" wide shall be free from 
defects. 

6. Pieces 6" to 8" wide may have one stand- 
ard knot or an equivalent defect. 

7. Pieces 10" wide may have one standard 
knot and one other equivalent defect. 

8. Pieces 12" wide may have two standard 
knots and one other equivalent defect. 

9. Pieces wider than 12" will admit addi- 
tional defects in proportion as width increases. 



1. Thicknesses: 1" to 2". 

2. Widths: Shall be specified, 4", 5", 6", 8", 
10" and 12", and may be furnished in assorted 
widths 4" to 12" admitting 20% 7", 9" and 11" 
widths. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 20'. 

4. Shall be graded from the better side. 
Sound discolored sap is no defect. Standard 
'•not'"-, pin worm holes, and other defects will be 
admitted, but none that will prevent the use 
of each piece in its full length and width as a 
paint grade. 



24 A. H. M. A. 



BEECH 

1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long-. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must 
be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface measure may 
have one standard defect or its equivalent. 
Pieces 1C and over surface measure may have 
two standard defects or their equivalent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30 '/o 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long 
must work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade of 
seconds, that will work at least 80% clear face, 
as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 13' 
and longer, three cuttings. 

G. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3" The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide. 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 



A. H. M. A. 25 



66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, V to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 



No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% clear face in not over three 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 50% clear face in not over four 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 50% clear face in not over five 
cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Each piece must contain at least 50 % 
sound cutting. 

4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square 
inches. 

No. 4 COMMON 

1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not 
up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be 
used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. 
Worm holes are not to be considered defects, 
and unsound lumber with sufficient substance 
to hold nails admitted. 



26 A. H. M. A. 



STRIPS 

1. .Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1 2", 4", 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on hall 
and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" 
dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. Must have one clear face and two gooc 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
long, must have one clear face and two good 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face 
in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be 
considered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 6' 
and 7' long, must have one clear face and two 
good edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 
4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is 
less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of 
the cutting in this grade must be good and the 
reverse face of cutting must be sound. 



A. H. M. A. 27 



SELECTED RED BIRCH 

1. Selected Red Birch must grade the same as 
Birch except as follows: 

2. Pieces 5" wide must show one face all red. 

3. Pieces 6" and over wide must show at 
least 75% red on one face. 



BIRCH 



1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' xnd 7'. 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must 
work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 



28 A. H. M. A. 



No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear lace in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide. 
4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" w T ide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% clear face in not over three 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 50% clear face in not over 
four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 50% clear face in not 
over five cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Each piece must contain at least 50% 
sound cutting. 

4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square 
Inches. 



A. H. M. A. 29 



No. 4 COMMON 

1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not 
up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be 
used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. 
Worm holes are not to be considered defects, 
and unsound lumber with sufficient substance 
to hold nails admitted. 

STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2". 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on 
half and even inches; all fractions of less than 
1/2" dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and V 
long, must have one clear face and two good 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in 
not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- 
sidered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face 
and two good edges. The reverse face must 
be sound. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 
4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over- 
three cuttings. No cutting to be considered 
which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Rot' 1 
edges of the cutting in this grade must be good 
nnd the reverse face of cutting must be sound. 



30 A. H. M. A. 



BUCKEYE 



1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide. 8' and 
over long. Pieces. 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 

12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 

16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 

20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must 
work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wjde. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must woik 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings: 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 



A. H. M. A. 31 



66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No cutting- to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to l 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 



No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. . 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must, 
work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% clear face in not over three 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 50% clear face in not over 
four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 50% clear face in not 
over five cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Each piece must contain at least 50% 
sound cutting. 

4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square 
inches. 

No. 4 COMMON 

1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not 
\ip to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be 
used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. 
Worm holes are not to be considered defects, 
and unsound lumber with sufficient substance 
to hold nails admitted. 



32 A. H. M. A. 



WAGON BOX BOARDS 

1. Widths: Wide, 13" to 17". Narrow, 9" 
to 12". 

2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 

3. Thickness: Must be 1" thick when ship- 
ping dry. 

4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few 
scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 

5. 11' lengths will admit 3" splits in one end, 
or their equivalent in one or both ends. 

6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 
12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one or 
both ends. 

7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one end, 
or their equivalent in both ends; otherwise each 
piece in 11' to 13' lengths may contain defects 
that do not prevent the piece from cutting one 
side; or in each piece 14' to 16' long, one side 
and one end; sides to work 10' 6" long, ends to 
work 3' 6" long by the full width of the piece. 
Each side and end may contain one sound 
standard defect, or its equivalent, showing on 
one side. 

8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a ship- 
ment that can be reduced in measurement by 
cutting the end or edge or both to a size or- 
dered must be accepted and measured as box 
boards; separate tally to be kept of such boards, 
showing reduction in measurement. 

9. Inspectors are cautioned that lumber so 
warped that it cannot be vised for box boo ids 
must be excluded from this grade. 






A. H. M. A. 33 



BUTTERNUT 



1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. All odd lengths must be measured. 



FIRSTS AND SECONDS 

1. Firsts and Seconds are a combined grade 
and must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
and not to exceed 45% under 10' long. 

2. Pieces 8' and over long, 6" and 7" wide, 
may have one standard defect or its equivalent. 

3. Pieces 8' and over long, 8" and 9" wide, 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

4. Pieces 8' and 9' long. 10" and over wide, 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

5. Pieces 10' and over long, 10" and over 
wide, may have three standard defects or their 
equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Selects must be 4" and over wide, 6' and 
over long, admitting 50% under 10' long and 
10% may be 6' and 7' long. 

2. Pieces 6' and over long. 4" and 5" wide, 
must have one clear face and two good edges, 
and the reverse side not below grade of No. 1 
Common. 

3. Pieces 6' and 7' long, 6" and over wide, 
must have one. clear face and two good edges, 
and the reverse side not below the grade of 
No. 1 Common. 

4. Pieces 8' and over long. 6" and over wide, 
must not grade below seconds on best face and 
not below No. 1 Common on poor side. 

5. Will admit pieces 8' and over long with 
one clear face, the reverse side sound but not 
below the grade of No. 2 Common. 

6. In lumber 5/4" and less in thickness 20% 
of the quantity may grade not below No. 2 
Common on the poor side, provided it will work 
80% sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 
4' and over long. 

2. Pieces 4" and over wide must work 
66 2/3% clear face; no cutting to be considered 
which does not contain 144 square inches. 

3. The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". the minimum length of any cutting to be 
24". Each cutting in this grade must have one 
clear face and the reverse side must be sound. 



34 



A. H. M. A. 



No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common will admit all lumber below 
the grade of No. 1 Common that will cut 50% 
clear face in pieces containing 72 or more square 
inches. The reverse face of all cuttings must 
be sound. The minimum width of any cutting 
to be 2". 



No. 3 COMMON 

1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, and must contain at least 
25% of sound cuttings. 

2. Minimum width of cutting 1 1/2", and no 
cutting considered which contains less .than 3( 
square inches. 



A. H. M. A. 35 



CHERRY 



1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. "Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. One inch of bright sap in the aggregate 
is a standard defect in the grades of Firsts and 
Seconds and Selects. 

4. Gum spots, if excessive, will reduce a 
piece one or more grades. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

F'. 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
1"'. 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. Widths: 4" and over wide. 

R. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of th^ piece. 

4. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear red one face 
and sound on the reverse side. 

5. Pieces 4" and 5" wide, 8' and over long. 
must have one clear red face and be sound on 
the reverse side. 

6. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over loner, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side must work at least 80% sound. 

7. This grade may also include nieces other 
than those described above below the ;?rade of 
seconds ihpt will work at least 80% clear red 
face, as follows: 

12' and shorter, two cuttings. 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 
V and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' to 
7' lengths. 

2. In the common grades color shall be de- 
termined from the red face. 



36 A. H. M. A. 



3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear red 
face. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear red face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3 % clear red face in not over three cut- 
tings. No cutting to be less than 2' long by 
the full width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one 
standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. Pieces 
6' long must have one red face 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over 
three cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not 
over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear red 
face in not over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide bv 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. Gum spots are no defect. 

2. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide. 
4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' j 
lengths. 

3. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% clear red face in not over three cut- 
tings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, 
must work 50% clear red face in not over four 
cuttings. 

4. Pieecs 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must 
work 50% clear red face in not over three cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 50% clear red face in not over four 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 50% clear red face in not 
over five cuttings. 

5. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long and must contain at least 25% 
of sound cuttings. Minimum width of cuttings 
1%". and no cutting considered which contains 
less than 36 square inches. 

STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common, No. 2 
Common. 



A. H. M. A. 37 



2. Thickness: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half 
and even inches. All fractions of less than %" 
dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: S' to 16'. 

2. No sap is admitted on face side of piece. 

3. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Cuttings must be free of sap on face side. 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
long, must have one clear face and two good 
edges. 

4. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/'A r 'r clear face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces 2" 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in 
not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- 
sidered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2". 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face 
and two good edges. The reverse face must 
be sound. 

6. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 
4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings. No cutting to be considered 
which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both 
edges of the cutting in this grade must be good 
and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Bright or sound discolored sap is no de- 
fect in this grade. 

3. No. 2 Common Strips must work 50% clear 
face; no cutting to be considered which is less 
than 2" wide by 2' long. The reverse face of 
cuttings must be sound. 



38 A. II. M. A. 



CHESTNUT 



1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surfa.ce measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8'. 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, ! 
must grade not below seconds on the best face, i 
The reverse side of pieces S' and over long must I 
work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80 <% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30 7c 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 



A. H. M. A. 39 



66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12'' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' 
lengths. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% sound in not over fovir cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must 
work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must 
work 50% sound in not over four cuttings; 
pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, 
must work 50% sound in not over five cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 



No. 3 COMMON 

1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, and must contain at least 25% 
of sound cuttings. Minimum width of cuttings 
l 1 /^", and no cutting considered which contains 
less than 36 square inches. 

FIRSTS AND SECONDS WORMY 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long. 25% may be 
6', 7' and 8', and not to exceed 5% under 8\ 

2. Widths: 6" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

"1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 



40 



A. H. M. A. 



alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measur« 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 



5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 

12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 

16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 

20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

3. In addition to the above, the grade of 
Firsts and Seconds Wormy will admit worm 
holes without limit. 

No. 1 COMMON WORMY 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long; 20% may be 
4', 5', 6', 7' and 8', and not to exceed 5% 
under 8'. 

2. Widths: 4" and over wide. 

3. Other widths and lengths must work 
66 2/3% clear face as follows: 



Widths 


Lengths 


No. Pieces 


4" to 11" 


6' to 11' 


2 


4" to 11" 


12' to 16' 


3 


4" to 11" 


17' to 20' 


4 


12" to 15" 


6' to 11' 


3 


12" to 15" 


12' to 16' 


4 


12" to 15" 


17' to 20' 


5 


16" and over 


6' to 11' 


4 


'16" and over 


12' to 16' 


5 


16" and over 


17' to 20' 


6 



4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
4". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 

5. In addition to above will admit worm 
holes without limit. 



A. H. M. A. 41 



COTTONWOOD 

1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must 
work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
Than those described above, below the graac 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear- 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 307' 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 



42 A. H. M. A. 



No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide. V to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces_ 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' 
lengths. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50"% sound in not over four cuttings. 

3. ' Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% sound in not over three cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide. 10' to 13' long, 
must work 50% sound in not over four cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 50% sound in not over five 
cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide. 
4' and over long, and must contain at least 
25^ of sound cuttings. Minimum width of 
cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered 
which contains less than 36 square inches. 

STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear. No. 1 Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on 
hajf and even inches; all fractions of less than 
1/2" dropped. 



A. H. M. A. 43 



CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
long, must have one clear face and two good 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces l". 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in 
not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- 
sidered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, mvist have one clear face 
and two good edges. The reverse face must 
be sound. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 
4". 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings. No cutting to be considered 
which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both 
edges of the cutting in this grade must be good 
and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. 

PANEL AND WIDE No. 1 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Widths: 18" and over. 

3. Thicknesses: 3/8" to 2". 

4. Sound discolored sap is no defect. 

5. Splits not exceeding 6" in length in one 
end of the piece are not to be considered as 
defects. 

6. Panel and Wide No. 1 is a combined grade 
and must contain at least 50% panel. 

PANEL 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16', admitting of not to 
exceed 20% of 8', 9' and 10' lengths. 

2. 50% of the total quantity must be clear on 
both sides. The balance of the quantity may 
contain defects, provided 90% of the piece can 
be used for panels in cuttings 4' or over long by 
the full width of the piece. 

WIDE No. 1 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Pieces 6' and 7' long must be clear. 

3. Pieces 8' and over long will admit defects 
provided 75% of the piece can be used for 
panels in cuttings 4' or over long by the full 
width of the piece. 



44 A. H. M. A. 



WAGON BOX BOARDS 

1. Widths: Wide, 13" to 17". Narrow, 9" 
to 12". 

2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 

3. Thickness: Must be 1" thick when ship- 
ping- dry. 

4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few 
scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 

5. 11' lengths will admit 3" splits in one end, 
or their equivalent in one or both ends. 

6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 
12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one or 
both ends. 

7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one end, 
or their equivalent in both ends; otherwise each 
piece in 11' to 13' lengths may contain defects 
that do not prevent the piece from cutting one 
side; or in each piece 14' to 16' long, one side 
and one en.d; sides to work 10' 6" long, ends to 
work 3' 6" long by the full width of the piece. 
Each side and end may contain one sound 
standard defect, or its equivalent, showing on 
one side. 

8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a ship- 
ment that can be reduced in measurement by 
cutting the end or edge or both to a size or- 
dered must be accepted and measured as box 
boards; separate tally to be kept of such boards, 
showing reduction in measurement. 

9. Inspectors are cautioned that woolly cot- 
tonwood and lumber so warped that it cannot 
be used for box boards must be excluded from 
this grade. 



A. H. M. A. 45 



CYPRESS 



Copyrighted by The Southern Cypress Manu- 
facturers' Association and Jointly Adopted by 
the Southern Cypress Manufacturers' Associ- 
ation and American Hardwood Manufacturers' 
Association. 

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 

1. The aim of these grading rules is to har- 
monize the natural differences which exist in the 
timber sawed at the various mills in this Asso- 
ciation, in an effort to make the shipments of 
lumber from the different mills uniform and 
of equal intrinsic value, grade for grade. 

2. To that end cypress lumber shall be graded 
according to the following rules and specifica- 
tions bearing in mind that as no arbitrary set 
of rules and specifications can be maintained in 
every case, much must be left to the common 
sense and best judgment of the inspector. 

3. In considering these grading rules it should 
be borne in mind that the lower line pieces 
are described and a series of defects are ad- 
mitted in some grades, the very nature of 
which will prevent all of them from appearing 
in the same piece. The grade will include all 
pieces up to the next higher grade, and the 
material will be of a better average quality 
than the permitted defects would indicate. 

4. Lumber shall be manufactured and shipped 
in standard lengths and thicknesses. 

5. All lumber shall be tallied surface or face 
measure, the tally counted up, and the one- 
quarter or one-half added to the total where 
the lumber is one and one- quarter or one and 
one-half inches thick, and two inches and 
thicker to be multiplied by the thickness. 

6. In the measurement of all random length 
lumber, fractions exactly on the one-half foot 
are to be given alternately to the buyer and 
the seller; the fractions below the one-half 
foot are to be dropped, and all fractions above 
the one-half foot are to be counted to the next 
higher figure on the board rule. 

7. In "line boards," pieces 14' and longer shall 
be given the advantage in grade; pieces 12' 
and shorter shall be reduced in grade. 

8. Recognized defects in cypress are knots, 
knot holes, shakes, splits, wane, worm holes, 
stained sap and peck. 

STANDARD DEFECTS 

1. A standard knot is sound and not to exceed 
1 1/4" in diameter. 

2. A small sound knot is one not exceeding 
3/4" in diameter. 



46 A. H. M. A. 



3. Two small knots not to exceed in extent or 
damage one 1 1/4" knot. 

4. One straight split not to exceed in length 
the width of the piece. 

5. Worm holes not exceeding in damage one 
standard knot. 

6. Ordinary season checks shall not be con- 
sidered a defect in any grade. 

7. Ordinary season checks are such as occur 
in lumber properly covered on yard, or season 
checks of equal size in kiln dried lumber. 

STANDARD LENGTHS 

1. Tank, factory select, shop, select common, 
heart select common, No. 1 common, flooring, 
ceiling, partition, bevel siding, bungalow bevel 
siding and drop siding shall be 8' and longer. 

2. A, B and C shall be 10' to 20'. 

3. No. 2 common, box, peck, mouldings, panel 
stock and battens shall be 6' to 20'. 

3. Mouldings, panel stock and battens of all 
sizes, bevel siding, bungalow bevel siding, floor- 
ing, ceiling and partition will admit odd lengths 
below 10'. 

STANDARD FINISHED SIZES OF CYPRESS 

1. All lumber shipped in the rough shall be of 
sufficient thickness or width to S2S or S2E to 
standard thickness or width, as follows: 

THICKNESSES 

4/4 lumber SIS or S2S shall be 13/16" thick. 

5/4 lumber SIS or S2S shall be 1 1/8" thick. 

6/4 lumber SIS or S2S shall be 1 3/8" thick. 

8/4 lumber SIS or S2S shall be 1 3/4" thick. 

10/4 lumber SIS or S2S shall be 2 1/4" thick. 

12/4 lumber SIS or S2S shall be 2 3/4" thick. 

All flooring and partition shall be S2S and 
C. M. 

4/4 flooring shall be 13/16" thick. 

5/4 flooring shall be 1 1/8" thick. 

6/4 flooring shall be 1 3/8" thick. 

3/8 ceiling shall be worked 5/16", SIS only. 

1/2 ceiling shall be worked 7/16", SIS only. 

5/8 ceiling shall be worked 9/16", SIS onlv. 

3/4 ceiling shall be worked 11/16", SIS only. 

3/8 panel stock S2S shall be 7/32". 

1/2 panel stock S2S shall be 5/16". 

5/8 panel stock S2S shall be 7/16". 

3/4 panel stock S2S shall be 9/16". 

2. 5/4", 6/4" and 8/4" Baluster stock shall be 
worked to same finished thickness as lumber. 

3. 3x3" to 8x8" Turning Squares S4S shall be 
1/4" less than the rough sizes. 



A. H. M. A. 47 



4. Ceiling up to 3 1/4" face to have one bead 
on one edge and ceiling wider than 3 1/4" face 
to be beaded center and edge. " 

5. Drop Siding, either D. & M. or Shiplap, 
shall be 13/16" thick. 

6. Shiplap, or D. & M., shall be 13/16" thick. 

7. Grooved Roofing shall be 13/16" thick. 

WIDTHS 

1. All lumber S1E takes off 3/8". S2E, 1/2". 

2. 4/4" and thicker'flooring, ceiling and parti- 
tion shall be 2 1/4", 3 1/4", 4 1/4", 5 1/4" face. 

3. 5/4". 6/4" and 8/4" baluster stock shall be 
same width as finished thickness. 

4. Drop Siding, D. & M., shall be 3 1/4" and 
5 1/4" face. When worked shiplap it shall be 
5 1/2" over all, allowing 1/2" for lap. 

5. 8", 10" and 12" ^lplap shall be worked 7", 
9" and 11" face, 1/2" lap. 

6. 8". 10" and 12" D. & M. shall be worked 
7 1/4", 9 1/4" and 11 1/4" face. 

7. Grooved roofing shall be worked 9 1/2" anH 
11 1/2" face, size of groove 1/2" wide, 1/4" 
deep, located 1 3/16" from outer edge of groove 
to edge of board. 

8. Bevel siding or bevel cribbing shall be 
worked 1/2" less in width than the rough strip 
measure. 

TANK 

1. Thicknesses: 1 1/2", 2", 2 1/2", 3" and 4". 

2. Width: Shall be random widths, 5" and 
over wide. 

3. Length: 8' and longer. 

4. Shall be graded from the poorer side. 
Shall be free from sap. 

5. Sound knots that do not impair the use- 
fulness of the piece for tank purposes will be 
admitted. 

A 

1. Thickness: 1" to 4". 

2. Width: Shall be specified widths. 4", 5", 
6". 8". 10", 12", 14", 16". 18", 20" and wider and 
24" and wider, and may be furnished in as- 
sorted widths 4" to 12", admitting 20% 
of 7", 9" and 11" widths, and may also be 
furnished in random widths 13" and wider. 

3. Length: 10' to 20'. 

4. Shall have a perfect face, free from sap. 
knots or other defects. The reverse side shall 
not be poorer than "B." 



4S A. H. M. A. 



1. Thickness:- 1" to 4". 

2. Width: Shall be specified widths, 4", 5", 6". 
8", 10", 12", 14", 16", 18", 20" and wider and 
24" and wider, and may be furnished in as- 
sorted widths 4" to 12" admitting 20% of 7", 
9" and 11" widths, and may also be furnished 
in random widths 13" and wider. 

3. Length: 10' to 20'. 

4. Shall be graded from the better side, the 
reverse side shall not be poorer than C. 

5. Pieces 4" and 5" wide will admit 1" of 
bright sap and shall be free from knots and 
other defects. 

6. Pieces 6" wide may have 1" of bright sap 
and one small sound knot. 

7. Pieces 8" wide may have 2" of bright sap 
and one standard knot, or in lieu of one stand- 
ard knot, two .small sound knots. 

8. Pieces 10" wide may have 3" of bright sap, 
and one standard knot, or in lieu of one stan- 
dard knot, three small sound knots. 

9. Pieces 12" wide may have 4" of bright sap 
and one standard knot, or in lieu of one stan- 
dard knot, four small sound knots. 

10. Pieces wider than 12" will admit any 
amount of bright sap and will admit other de- 
fects in proportion as width increases. 



1. Thickness: 1" to 4". 

2. Width: Shall be specified widths, 4", 5", 6", 
8". 10", 12". 14", 16", 18", 20" and wider and 
24" and wider, and may be furnished in as- 
sorted widths 4 to 12" admitting 20% of 7", 
9" and 11" widths, and may also be furnished 
in random widths 13" and wider. 

3. Pieces wider than 12" will admit defects 
in proportion as width increases. 

4. Length: 10' to 20'. 

5. Shall be graded from the better side but 
the reverse side shall not be poorer than No. 1 
Common. 

6. Small sound knots, sound sap. bright or 
stained, a reasonable amount of pin worm holes 
and other defects will be admitted, but none 
that will prevent the use of each piece in its 
full width and length as a paint grade. 

7. Pieces 8" to 12" wide will also admit one 
standard knot. 

FACTORY SELECTS 

1. Thickness: 1" to 4". 

2. Width: 1" thickness shall be 5" wide or 
wider. 1 1/4" and thicker shall not be less 
than 5 1/4" wide. 

3. Length: 8' to 20'. 

4. Shall be graded from the poorer side. 



A. H. M. A. 49 

5. In the cuttings bright sap shall be ad- 
mitted. The cuttings shall otherwise be free 
from defects. Parts not included in the stipu- 
lated percentage of good cuttings may be thin 
and may be of any grade. 

6. 1" thickness shall cut at least 80% of 
cuttings or rippings or both, 5" wide or wider, 
by 3' long or longer, and 9 1/2" wide or wider, 
by 18" long or longer, and strips 2" wide or 
wider, ripped the entire length of the piece, 
from pieces 8' to 12' long, and 2" wide or wider, 
12' long or longer, ripped from pieces 14' and 
longer. 

7. 1 1/4" and thicker shall cut at least 80% 
of cuttings and rippings or both, as follows: 
5 1/4" wide or wider, by 3' long or longer; 
9" wide or wider, by 2' 4" long or longer, 
and strips 2" wide or wider, ripped the entire 
length of the .piece from pieces 8' to 12' 
long, and strips 2" wide or wider 12' or longer 
ripped from pieces 14' or longer. 

SHOP 

1. Thickness: 1" to 4". 

2. Width: 1" thickness shall be 5" wide or 
wider. 1 1/4" and thicker shall not be less 
than 5 1/4" wide. 

3. Length: 8' to 20'. 

4. Shall be graded from the poorer side. 

5. This grade shall cut for factory use 50% 
to 80% of the same size cuttings or rippings 
or both as the corresponding thickness in the 
grade of Factory Selects. 

6. Bright sap shall be admitted in the cut- 
tings, which shall otherwise be free from 
defects. 

7. Parts not included in the stipulated per- 
centage of good cuttings may be thin ana may 
be of any grade. 

SELECT COMMON 

1. Thickness: 1" and thicker. 

2. Width: Shall be specified widths, 3", 4", 5", 
6", 8", 10" and 12" wide. 

3. Length: 8' to 20'. 

4. Will admit sound sap, bright or stained, 
sound knots, a small amount of tight shake, 
season checks, also end checks not over 6" in 
length, and a reasonable amount of pin worm 
holes well scattered over the piece. 

5. Pieces 3" to 6" wide will not admit knots 
over 1 1/2" in diameter. 

6. Pieces 8" to 12" wide will not admit knots 
over 2" in diameter. 

7. Shall be graded from the better side. On 
the reverse side the knots may be larger and 
coarser and a slight amount of peck will be 



50 A. H. M. A. 



admitted, but such defects shall not be coarse 
enough to materially impair the strength of 
the piece. 

HEART SELECT COMMON 

1. This grade shall be the same as Select 
Common, except that sap and pin worm holes 
will not be admitted. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Thickness: 1" and thicker. 

2. Width: Shall be specified 3", 4", 5", 6", 
8", 10" and 12" wide. 

3. Length: 8' to 20'. 

4. Shall be graded from the better side. Will 
admit sound sap, bright or stained, shake, sea- 
son checks, pin worm holes, tight knots, straight 
end splits not exceeding in length the width 
of the piece, a slight amount of peck on one 
or both sides of pieces comparatively free from 
other defects, slight wane on one or both edges, 
not to exceed one-third the length of the piece, 
and other defects which will not prevent its 
use in the rough for common purposes in its 
full length and width. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. Thickness: 1" and thicker. 

2. Width: Shall be specified widths, 3", 4", 5", 
6", 8", 10" and 12" wide. 

0. Length: 6' to 20'. 

4. Shall be graded from the better side. Will 
admit all defects allowed in No. 1 Common 
and will also admit unsound knots and slight 
peck on both sides. The defects shall not, 
however, be sufficient to prevent the use of 
each piece in its full length and width for 
common sheathing and fencing purposes. 

BOX 

1. Thickness: 1" to 2". 

2. Width: Shall be random width 3" and 
wider. 

3. Length: 6' to 20'. 

4. Each piece shall contain 66 2/3% or 
more of sound cuttings, no single cutting to 
contain less than 72 square inches. No piece 
of cutting can be shorter than 2', nor narrower 
than 3". Sound cuttings will admit all the de- 
fects allowed in No. 1 Common. The waste 
material may be thin or absolutely worthless. 

PECK 

1. Thickness: 1" and thicker. 

2. Width: Shall be random or specified, 3" 
and wider. 



A. H. M. A. 51 



3. Length: 6' to 20'. 

4. Shall admit the product of that part of the 
log known as pecky. Each piece shall have 
sufficient strength to permit its use as a low- 
grade sheathing, fencing, or foundation ma- 
terial. 

SWITCH TIES 

1. Shall be cut to size and length specified. 

2. Ends of ties shall be sawed square, and a 
variation of 1/2" longer or shorter than the 
length ordered will be allowed. 

6. Shall be practically all heart, free from 
damaging knots, shake and splits. 

4. Slight peck shall not be considered a 
defect. 

CROSS TIES 
STANDARD No. 1 PECK 

1. Shall be cut to size and length specified. 

2. A variation of 1" longer or shorter than 
the length ordered will be allowed. Shall be 
practically all heart, free from damaging knots, 
shake and splits. Peck will be admitted, but 
there must be enough of sound wood in the 
ties to permit of proper spiking. 

PANEL STOCK 

1. Thickness: 3/8", 1/2", 5/8" and 3/4". 

2. Widths: Shall be random width, 8" and 
wider. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 20', admitting not over 
15% of 6' to 10', and not to exceed 5% under 
10'. Odd lengths admitted. 

4. Shall be graded from the poorer side, B 
and better, except that bright sap will not be 
considered a defect. 



52 A. H. M. A. 



ELM— ROCK 









1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds 30% 
of 8' to 10' lengths will be admitted. 

FIRSTS AND SECONDS 

1. Firsts and Seconds are combined as one 
grade. 

2. Bird pecks not exceeding 1/2" in length, 
1/4" in width, admitted if sound, but if exces 
sive must be considered by the inspector. 

3. Widths: 4" and over wide. 

4. Pieces 4" wide must be clear. 

5. Standard defects admitted in pieces 5" 
and over wide, according to surface measure, 
as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
18', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 
4' and over long, not to exceed 5% of 4" widths. 

2. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

3. Pieces 4" to 7" wide, 6' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 4" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

4. Pieces 8" and over wide, 6' to 9' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
four cuttings. 

5. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long, or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long, admitting 25 
of 4', 5' and 6' lengths, but not more than 10% 
may be under 6'. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Pieces 4' long must be clear one face. 

4. Pieces 5' and longer must work at least 
50% clear faee cutting. 

5. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18"; the minimum width of any cutting to be 
3"; the smallest cutting allowed must contain 
72 square inches. 



A. H. M. A. 53 



No. 3 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Each piece must contain at least b0% 
sound cutting. 

4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18"; the minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
72 square inches. 

No. 4 COMMON 

1 No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not 
up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be 
used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. 
Worm holes are not to be considered defects, 
and unsound lumber with sufficient substance 
to hold nails admitted. 



54 A. H. M. A. 



ELM— SOFT 



1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 

12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 

16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 

20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and V. 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must 
work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 



A. H. M. A. 55 



No cutting- to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must "work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' 
lengths. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% sound in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% sound in not over three cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 50^ sound in not over four cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 50% sound in not over five 
cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, and must contain at least 
25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of 
cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered 
which contains less than 36 square inches. 



56 A. H. M. A. 






BLACK GUM 

1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 

12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 

16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 

20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 



No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3<% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Piece§ 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide. 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' an- 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 



A. H. M. A. 57 



No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' 
lengths. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long - , must 
work 50% sovind in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% sound in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% sound in not over three cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 50% sound in not over four cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 50% sound in not over five 
cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, and must contain at least 
25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of 
cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered 
which contains less than 36 square Inches. 



A. H. M. A. 



QUARTER SAWN BLACK GUM 

i. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. 80% of the width of each piece must have 
the radial grain running 45% or less with one 
surface of the piece. 

4. 10% of Quarter Sawn Black Gum may be 
1/16" scant on one edge provided the other 
edge is full standard thickness when shipping 
dry. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must 
be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface measure may 
have one standard defect or its equivalent. 
Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have 
two standard defects or their equivalent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 5" and over wide. 

2. Pieces 5" wide must be clear. 

3. Standard defects are admitted in widths 6" 
and over according to surface measure, as fol- 
lows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20' and over, 5 standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must 
work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

fi. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 
1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 



A. H. M. A. 59 



2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must woik 
66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% clear face in not over three 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 50% clear face in not over 
four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 50% clear face in not 
over five cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 



60 A. H. M. A. 



PLAIN SAWN RED GUM . 

1. In Firsts and Seconds pieces 6" and 7' 
wide may have 1/2", and pieces 8" and wider 
1" of bright or sound discolored sap on one fac; 
and not to exceed one-fifth in the aggregate or 
the reverse face. 

2. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

3. Widths: 3" and over. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' am: 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their eauiv 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not to exceed] 
30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 61 
and 7\ 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side; 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear red! 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long., 
must grade not below seconds on the best; 
face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over 
long must work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces otheij 
than those described above, below the grade of; 
seconds, that will work at least 80% clear red 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings;! 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting tol 
be IS". The minimum width of any cutting tol 
be 3". The smallest cutting allowed must con- 1 
tain 144 square inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. In the common grades color shall be deter- 
mined from the red face. 

2. Widths: 4" and over wide. 

3. Lengths: 4' and over long, but not more 
than 10% may be 4', 5', 6' and V lengths. 



A. H. M. A. 61 



4. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear red 
ace. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
:lear red face. 

6. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 16' long, must work 
16 2/3% clear red face in not over two pieces 
n cuttings 2' and over long by the full width 
)f the piece. 

7. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
me standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
vide, may have two standard defects. Pieces 
V long must have one red face. 

i 8. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
nmust work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over 
three cuttings. 

9. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not 
over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 
14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
red face in not over four cuttings. 

10. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" by 2' long, or 3" wide by 3'. long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% clear red face in not over three cut- 
tings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and longer, must 
work 50% clear red face in not over four cut- 
tings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide. 4' to 9' long, must 
work 50% clear red face in not over three cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
mvist work 50% clear red face in not over four 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 50% clear red face in not over 
five cuttingg. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half 
and even inches, all fractions of less than *£" 
dropped. 



62 A. H. M. A. 



CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. No sap is admitted on face side of piece.j 

3. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Cuttings must be free of sap on face side. 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and V 
long, must have one clear face and two good 
edsres. 

4. Pieces 2" 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 10' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two; 
cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' andi 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not] 
over three cuttings. No cutting to be consid-; 
ered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2' 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face 
and two good edges. The reverse face must be 
sound. 

6. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not. over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 
4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is 
less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of 
the cutting in this grade must be good and the 
reverse face of cutting must be sound. 



PLAIN SAWN RED GUM FIGURED 
WOOD 

1. Figure is required in these grades and each 
piece shall be especially selected for markings 
and color tones producing a variegated effect. 
In the grade of Firsts and Seconds 90% of one 
face of each piece, and in the Common grades 
the face side of each cutting to show such 
markings. Otherwise the regular rules for 
grading Plain Sawed Red Gum shall apply. 



A. H. M. A. 63 



QUARTER SAWN RED GUM 

1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. No figure is required in Quarter Sawn 
! ted Gum in any grade. 

4. 80% of the width of each piece must have 
he radial grain running 45 degrees or less with 
me surface of the piece. 

a 5. 10% of Quarter Sawn Gum may be 1/16" 
I;cant on one edge provided the other edge is 
bull standard thickness when shipping dry. 

6. In the grades of Firsts and Seconds and 
Selects, pieces 5" wide must be free of sap, 
Pieces 6" and 7" wide may have 3/4" of sound 
►nap in the aggregate, and pieces 8" and over 
wide may have 1" of sound sap in the aggre- 
gate. 

FIRSTS 

n 1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
>ver long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must 
>e clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface measure may 
lave one standard defect or its equivalent. 
Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have 
wo standard defects or their equivalent. 

SECONDS 

I 1. Seconds must be 5" and over wide. 

I 2. Pieces 5" wide must be clear. 

5 3. Standard defects are admitted in widths 

!" and over according to surface measure, as 

ollows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 
8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20' and over, 5 standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not to exceed 
30% under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
Df the piece. 

4. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear red one face 
and sound on the reverse side. 

5. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best 
face. The reverse side of pieces 8' and over 
long must work at least 80% sound. 

6. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade of 
seconds, that will work at least 80% clear red 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cut- 
tings; 13' and longer, three cuttings. 

7. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 



64 A. H. M. A. 



3". The smallest cutting allowed must contaii 
144 square inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. In the common grades color shall be dej 
termined from the red face. 

2. Widths: 4" and over wide. 

3. Lengths: 4' and over long, but not moi«, 
than 10% may be 4', 5', 6' and 7' lengths. 

4. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear re^ 
face. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and V long, must b« 
clear red face. 

6. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 16' long, must wori 
66 2/3% clear red face in not over two piects 
in cuttings 2' and over long by the full width 
of the piece. 

7. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have orw 
standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and ovei 
wide, may have two standard defects. Piece; 
6' long must have one red face. 

8. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, mupl 
work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over twd ; 
cuttings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over lon^i 
must work 66 2/3% clear red face in not ov< 
three cuttings. 

9. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, muH 1 
work 66 2/3% clear red face in not over tw<j ; 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 1:1 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear red face in no 
over three cuttings; pieces 8" and over widd 
14' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear red 
face in not over four cuttings. 

10. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long, or 3" wide by V londj 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide 
4" and over long, but not more than 10% of t|. 
and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, mud' 
work 50% clear red face in not over three cut- 
tings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and longer, musi 
work 50% clear red face in not over four cut- 
tings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, musj 
work 50 <% clear red face in not over three cut- 
tings. Pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' lon^ 
must work 50% clear red face in not over foui 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' anc 
over long, must work 50% clear red face ir 
not over five cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is les.< 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 



A. M. H. A. 65 



4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
' and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
om the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
irt of strip inside of beveled edges. 

Y| 7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half 
ad even inches, all fractions of less than H" 
ropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. No sap is admitted on face side of piece. 

3. Must have one clear face and two good 
Iges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Cutting must be free of sap on face side. 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide. 6' and 7' 
i»ng, must have one clear face and two good 
iges. 

4. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
■>ng, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
ivo cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
nd over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in 
bt over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- 
idered which is less than 2' long by the full 
-idth of the piece. 

; 5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
ride, 6' and V long, must have one clear face 
nd two good edges. The reverse face must 
e sound. 

I 6. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
ride, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
a,ce in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 
■ 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, 
lust work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
hree cuttings. No cutting to be considered 
,rhich is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both 
dges of the cutting in this grade must be good 
nd the reverse face of cutting must be sound. 



JUARTER SAWN RED GUM FIGURED 
WOOD 

1. Figure is required in these grades and each 
>iece shall be especially selected for markings 
ind color tones producing a variegated effect, 
n the grades of Firsts and Seconds 90% of one 
ace of each piece, and in the Common grades 
he face side of each cutting to show such 
narkings. Otherwise the regular rules for grad- 
ng Quarter Sawn Red Gum shall "apply. 



66 A. H. M. A. 

QUARTER SAWN RED GUM SAP NO 
DEFECT 

The same rules apply as on Quarter Sawn 
Red Gum, except that bright or sound discol- 
ored sap shall not be considered a defect. 



SAP GUM 

1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Bright or sound discolored sap is no de- 
fect in any grade. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide. 8' and 
over long-. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may "have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according! 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 

12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 

16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 

20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

t 
SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% ! 
under 12' and not to. exceed 5% of 6' and 7\ 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must 
work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade, may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and. longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 



A. H. M. A. 67 



No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 
66 '2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7' Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3^> clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face In not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 



No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' 
lengths. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% sound in. not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% sound in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% sound in not over three cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 50*% sound in not over four cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 50% sound in not over five 
cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 



No. 3 COMMON 

1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, and must contain at least 
25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of 
cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered 
which contains less than 36 square Inches. 



68 A. H. M. A. 



STRIPS 






1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on 
half and even inches; all fractions of less than 
1/2" dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
long, must have one clear face and two good 
edtres. 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in 
not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- 
sidered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face 
and two good edges. The reverse face must 
be sound. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 
4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings. No cutting to be considered 
which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both 
edges of the cutting in this grade must be good 
and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. 






PANEL AND WIDE No. 1 

i. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Widths: 18" and over wide. 

3. Thicknesses: 3/8" to 2". 

4. Sound discolored sap is no defect. 

5. Splits not exceeding 6" in length in one end 
of the piece are not to be considered as defects. 

6. Panel and Wide No. 1 is a combined grade 
and must contain at least 50% panel. 

PANEL 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16', admitting not to exceed 
20% of 8', 9' and 10' lengths. 



A. H. M. A. 69 



2. 50% of the total quantity must be clear 
both sides. The balance of the quantity may 
contain defects, provided 90% of the piece can 
be used for panels in cuttings 4' or over long 
by the full width of the piece. 

WIDE No. 1 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Pieces 6' and 7' long must be clear. 

3. Pieces 8' and over long will admit defects 
provided 75% of the piece can be used for 
panels in cuttings 4' or over long by the full 
width of the piece. 

WAGON BOX BOARDS 

1. Widths: Wide, 13" to. 17". Narrow, 9" 
to 12". 

2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 

3. Thickness: Must be 1" thick when ship- 
ping dry. 

4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few 
scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 

5. 11' lengths will admit 3" splits in one end, 
or their equivalent in one or both ends. 

6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 
12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one or 
both ends. 

7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one end, 
or their equivalent in both ends; otherwise each 
piece in 11' to 13' lengths may contain defects 
that do not prevent the piece from cutting one 
side; or in each piece 14' to 16' long, one side 
and one end; sides to work 10' 6" long, ends to 
work 3' 6" long by the full width of the piece. 
Each side and end may contain one sound 
standard defect, or its equivalent, showing on 
one side. 

8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a ship- 
ment that can be reduced in measurement by 
cutting the end or edge or both to a size or- 
dered must be accepted and measured as box- 
boards; separate tally to be kept of such boards, 
showing reduction in measurement. 

9. Inspectors are cautioned that lumber so 
warped that it cannot be vised for box boards 
must be excluded from this grade. 



70 A. H. M. A. 



HACKBERRY 



1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' ancl over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 

12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 

16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 

20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must 
work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
IS". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 



A. H. M. A. 71 



66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No cutting- to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 'J' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 



No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% clear face in not over three 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 50% clear face in not over 
four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 50% clear face in not 
over five cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 



No. 3 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Each piece must contain at least 50% 
sound cutting. 

4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square 
inches. 

No. 4 COMMON 

1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not 
up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be 
used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. 
Worm holes are not to be considered defects, 
and unsound lumber with sufficient substance 
to hold nails admitted. 



72 A. H. M. A. 






STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2". 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow; 
part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on 
half and even inches; all fractions of less than 
1/2" dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
long, must have one clear face and two goodl 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 

o cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12< 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in 
not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- 
sidered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. , 

4. Pieces 3 1/2". 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear fac»5 
and two good edges. The reverse face must 
be sound. , _ 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2'1 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% cleatj 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 l/2"j 
4" 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and oveij 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not ovej 
three cuttings. Mo cutting to be considere- 
which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Bot 1 
edges of the cutting in this grade must be goo. 
and the reverse face of cutting must be sound 



A. H. M. A. 73 



HICKORY 



1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds 30% 
of 8' to 10' lengths will be admitted. 

FIRSTS AND SECONDS 

1. Firsts and Seconds are combined as one 
grade. 

2. Bird pecks not exceeding 1/2" in length, 
1/4" in width, admitted if sound, but if exces- 
sive must be considered by the inspector. 

3. Widths: 4" and over wide. 

4. Pieces 4" wide must be clear. 

5. Standard defects admitted in pieces 5" 
and over wide, according to surface measure, 
as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 
1 8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
18', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 
4' and over long, not to exceed 5% of 4" widths. 

2. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

3. Pieces 4" to 7" wide, 6' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 4" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
f must work 66 2/3%. clear face in not over three 
'cuttings. 

4. Pieces 8" and over wide, 6' to 9' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must. work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
•cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
four cuttings. 

5. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long, or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long, admitting 25 '-% 
of 4', 5' and 6' lengths, but not more than 10% 
may be under 6'. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Pieces 4' long must be clear one face. 

4. Pieces 5' and longer must work at least 
50% clear face cutting. 

5. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
:i8"; the minimum width of any cutting to be 

V ; the smallest cutting allowed must contain 
! 72 iquare inchee. 



74 A. H. M. A. 



No. 3 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Each piece must contain at least 50% 
sound cutting. 

4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
IS"; the minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
72 square inches. 

No. 4 COMMON 

1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not 
up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be 
used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. 
Worm holes are not to be considered defects, 
and unsound lumber with sufficient substance 
to hold nails admitted. 



A. H. M. A. 75 



LOCUST 



1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces. 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may ~have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must 
work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 



76 A. H. M. A. 



fi6 2/3'% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide. 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and Over wide, V to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' anu 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide. 
4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths admitted in this' grade. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% clear face in not over three 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 50% clear face in not over 
four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 50% clear face in not 
over five cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4" and over long. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Each piece must contain at least 50% 
sound cutting. 

4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square 
inches. 

No. 4 COMMON 

1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not 
up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be 
used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. 
Worm holes are not to be considered defects, 
and unsound lumber with sufficient substance 
to hold nails admitted. 



A. H. M. A. 77 



MAGNOLIA 



1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long-. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard uefect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8'. 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 

12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 

16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 

20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 



SELECTS 

1. Lengths : 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must 
work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting fo be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
find 5' lGrifrtlis. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide. 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 



78 A. H. M. A. 



5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No. cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces, 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over- 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, V to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 



No. 2 COMMON 

1 No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' 
lengths. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% sound in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% sound in not over three cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 50% sound in not over four cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 50% sound in not over five 
cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 



No. 3 COMMON 

1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, and must contain at least 
25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of 
cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered 
which contains less than 36 square inches. 



STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2". 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2' 
b" and 5 1/2". 



A. H. M. A. 79 



5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on 
half and even inches; all fractions of less than 
172" dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 



No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
Jong, must have one clear face and two good 
edsres. 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in 
not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- 
sidered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face 
and two good edges. The reverse face must 
be sound. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4". 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 
4". 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings. No cutting to be considered 
which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both 
edges of the cutting in this grade must be good 
and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. 



WAGON BOX BOARDS 

1. Widths: Wide, 13" to 17". Narrow, 9" 
to 12". 

2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 

3. Thickness: Must be 1" thick when ship- 
ping dry. 

4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few 
scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 

5. 11' length will admit 3" splits in one end, 
or their equivalent in one or both ends. 

6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 
12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one or 
both ends. 

7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one end, 
or their enuivalent in both ends; otherwise each 
piece in 11' to 13' lengths may contain defects 



80 A. H. M. A. 



that do not prevent the piece from cutting one 
side; or in each piece 14' to 16' long, one side 
and one end; sides to work 10' 6" long, ends 
to work 3' 6" long by the full width of the 
piece. Each side and end may contain one 
sound standard defect, or its equivalent, show- 
ing on one side. 

8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a ship- 
ment that can be reduced in measurement by 
cutting the end or edge or both to a size ordered 
must be accepted and measured as box boards; 
separate tally to be kept of such boards, show- 
ing reduction in measurement. 

9. Inspectors are cautioned that lumber so 
warped that it cannot be used for box boards 
must be excluded from this grade. 



A. H. M. A. 81 



MAHOGANY— CUBAN 

1. Prime, Selects, Rejects, Shorts, Wormy, 
Counters, and Clear Strips. 

2. Lengths: 2' and over long-. 

3. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

4. Thicknesses: Standard. 

5. All odd lengths must be measured, and 
fractions of over 1/2' in length must be 
counted up, and fractions of 1/2' and less in 
length must be dropped. 

PRIME 

1. Prime must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long, not to exceed 25% of 8' and 9' 
lengths. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to widths as follows: 

3. 6" and 7", 1 standard defect or its equiva- 
lent. 

4. 8" and 9", 2 standard defects or their 
equivalent. 

5. 10" and 11", 3 standard defects or their 
equivalent. 

6. 12" and over, 4 standard defects or their 
equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Selects must be 4" and over wide, 6' and 
over long, and must work two-thirds clear, 
with no cutting less than 4" wide and 3' long, 
or 3" wide and 4' long. 

REJECTS 

1. There shall be no restrictions to heart in 
this grade. 

2. Rejects must be 3" and over wide, 6' and 
over long, and must work 50% clear. No piece 
considered which is less than 4" wide and 2' 
long, or 3" wide and 3' long. 

SHORTS 

1. Shorts must be 3" and over wide, 2' to 7' 
long, and must be Prime in quality. 

2. Pieces 3", 4" and 5" wide must be clear. 

3. Pieces 6" and over wide must be graded 
as Prime. 

WORMY 

1. This grade is to be the same as Selects, 
excepting that worm holes are admitted with- 
out limit. 

COUNTERS 

1. Counters must be 12' to 40' long, 18" to 
24" wide, and must be free from all defects one 
face; the reverse face must not grade below 
Prime. Splits measured out. 



82 A. H. M. A. 



STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common, No. 2 
Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

G. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half 
and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" 
dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. No sap is admitted on face side of piece. 

3. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Cutting must be free of sap on face side. 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and V 
long, must have one clear face and two good 

4. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in 
not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- 
sidered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face 
and two good edges. The reverse face must 
be sound. 

6. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide. 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 
4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is 
less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of 
the cutting in this grade must be good and the 
reverse face of cutting must be sound. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Bright or sound discolored sap is no de- 
fect in this grade. 

3. No. 2 Common Strips must work 50% 
clear face; no cutting to be considered which 
is less than 2" wide by 2' long. The reverse 
face of cutting must be sound. 



A. H. M. A. 83 



MAHOGANY— MEXICAN AND 
AFRICAN 

1. Honduras, Nicaraguan, Guatemalan and 
other Central and South American Mahoganies. 

2. Firsts, Seconds, Selects, No. 1 Common, No. 
2 Common, No. 1 Wormy, No. 2 Wormy, Shorts 
and Counters. 

3. Lengths: 2' and over long. 

4. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

5. Thicknesses: Standard. 

6. All odd lengths must be measured, and 
fractions of over 1/2' in length must be 
counted up, and fractions of 1/2' and less in 
length must be dropped. This does not apply to 
the grade of shorts. 

7. 1" of bright sap in the aggregate is a 
standard defect in the Grade of Firsts and 
Seconds. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 7" and over wide, 10' and 
over long, and free from all defects, excepting 
that pieces 10' and over surface measure may 
have one standard defect or its equivalent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

6', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

9', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
13', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
18' and over, 4 standard defects or their 
equivalent. 

3. For each additional 5' surface measure, one 
additional standard defect will be admitted. 

SELECTS 

1. Selects must be 6" and over wide and must 
grade Firsts and Seconds on one face. The 
reverse face must not be below the grade of 
No. 1 Common. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 
6' and over long. 

2. Pieces 4" wide, 6' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 12' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear in 
not over three cuttings. No piece to be less 
than 2' long by the full width of the piece. 

3. Pieces 5" and over wide, 6' to 11' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; 12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% 



84 A. H. M. A. 



clear face in not over three cuttings. Bach ad- 
ditional 4' in length in pieces over 16' long will 
admit one additional cutting. No eutting to be 
considered which is less than 4" wide and 2' 
long, or 3" wide and 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. There shall be no restriction to heart in 
this grade. 

2. No. "2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
2' and over long, and must work 50% clear face. 
No cutting considered which is less than 3" 
wide and 2' long. 

No. 1 WORMY 

1. No. 1 Wormy must be 4" and over wide, 6' 
and over long. Worm holes are admitted with- 
out limit, otherwise to grade not below No. 1 
Common. 

No. 2 WORMY 

1. No. 2 Wormy must be 3" and over wide, 4' 
and over long. Worm holes are admitted with- 
out limit, otherwise to grade not below No. 2 
Common. 

SHORTS 

1. Shorts must be 4" and over wide, 2' to 
5' long. 

2. Pieces 4" and 5" wide must be clear. 

3. In pieces 6" and over wide standard de- 
fects are admitted according to surface meas- 
ure, as follows: 

2', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 
4', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
5%', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
6%' and over, 4 standard defects or their 
equivalent. 

COUNTERS 

1. Counters must be 12' to 40' long, 18" to 24" 
wide, and must be free from all defects one 
face; the reverse face must not grade below 
Firsts and Seconds. Splits measured out. 

STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common, No. 2 
Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of strip inside of beveled edges. 



A. H. M. A. 85 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half 
and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2 
dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. . 

2 No sap is admitted on face side of piece. 
3. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Cutting must be free of sap on face side 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
long, must have one clear face, and two good 

ed f eS 'pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face 
in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- 
sidered which is less than 2' long by the full 

^^P ^ Tl^", 4", 4/12", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and V long, must have one clear face 
and two good edges. The reverse face must 

be 6 S °Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2 , 4 , 
4 1/2" 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
Sittings No cutting to be considered which is 
less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of 
the cutting in this grade must be good and the 
reverse face of cutting must be sound. 

No. 2 COMMON 
2'. Bright S or sound d'iscolored sap is no de- 

fe f No th 2 Common Strips must work .50% clear 
face- no cutting to be considered which is less 
than 2" wide by 2' long. The reverse face of 
cuttings must be sound. 



86 A. H. M. A. 



MAHOGANY— PHILIPPINE 

1. All odd lengths must be measured, and 
fractions of over 1/2' in length must be counted 
up, and fractions of 1/2' and less must be 
dropped. This does not apply to the grade of 
shorts. 1" of bright sap in the aggregate in 
the grade of Firsts and Seconds is a standard 
defect. 

2. Pin worm holes not to be considered a de- 
fect in any of the grades, excepting boards 
showing pin worm holes, in the rough, follow- 
ing and tracking with the face, will be consid- 
ered a defect in Firsts and Seconds and Selects, 
and will be estimated on a basis of standard 
defects or their equivalents. 

3. Firsts and Seconds are combined as one 
grade, and are to contain not less than 40 l /r 
Firsts. 

4. Firsts and Seconds shall not contain less 
than 40% figured stock. 

5. Firsts and Seconds and Selects Figured 
Mahogany must show figure on one face, not 
less than 90% in the aggregate. 

6. In the common grades the cuttings must 
show figure one face. 

7. All grades to admit between 30% and 40% 
of the White or Light Red Woods. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide. 8' and 
over long, and free from all defects, excepting 
that pieces 10' and over surface measure may 
have one standard defect or its equivalent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure, as follows: 

6', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

9', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
13', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
18' and over, 4 standard defects or their 
equivalent. 

3. For each aditional 5' surface measure, 
one additional standard defect will be ad- 
mitted. 

SELECTS 

1. Selects must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long, and must grade Firsts and Seconds 
on one face. The reverse face must not be 
below the grade of No. 1 Common. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 
6' and over long. 



A. H. M. A. 87 



2. Pieces 4" wide, 6' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 12' 
and over long must work 66 2/3% clear face 
in not over three cuttings. 

3. No piece of cutting to be less than 2' long 
by the full width of the piece. 

4. Pieces 5" and over wide, 6' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; 12' and over long must work 66 2/3% 
clear face in not over three cuttings. 

5. Each additional 4' in length in pieces over 
16' long will admit one additional cutting. 

6. No piece to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide and 2' long, or 3" wide and 
3' long. Bright sap is no defect in this grade. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. There shall be no restriction to heart in 
this grade. 

2. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, and must work 50% clear face. 
No piece considered which is less than 3" wide 
and 2' long. 

SHORTS 

1. Shorts must be 4" and over wide, 4' to 7' 
long. 

2. Pieces 4" and 5" wide must be clear; 6" to 
8" wide will admit one standard defect, and 9" 
and over wide will admit of two standard 
defects. 

COUNTERS 

1. Counters must be 12' to 40' long, 18" to 24" 
wide, and must be free from all defects on one 
face; the reverse face must not grade below 
Firsts and Seconds. Splits measured out. 



STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common, No. 2 
Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made from 
the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half 
and even inches, all fractions of less than y%" 
dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. No sap is admitted on face side of piece. 



A. H. M. A. 



3. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Cutting must be free of sap on face side. 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
long, must have one clear face and two good 
edsres. 

4. Pieces 2" 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in 
not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- 
sidered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

5. Pieces 3 1 2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face 
and two good edges. The reverse face must be 
sound. 

6. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 
4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is 
less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of 
the cutting in this grade must be good and 
the reverse face of cutting must be sound. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Bright or sound discolored sap is no de- 
fect in this grade. 

3. No. 2 Common Strips must work 50% clear 
face; no cutting to be considered which is less 
than 2" wide by 2' long. The reverse face of 
cuttings must be sound. 



A. H. M. A. 89 



MAPLE— HARD 



1. Thicknesses and lengths*. Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surrace meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7\ 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must 
work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear 

5. 'Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 



90 A. H. M. A. 



No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3'/,, clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by V long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" \vide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% clear face in not over three 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 50% clear face in not over 
four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 50% clear face in not 
over five cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Each, piece must contain at least 50' 
sound cutting. 

4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square 
inches. 

No. 4 COMMON 
1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not 
up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be 
used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. 
Worm holes are not to be considered defects, 
and unsound lumber with sufficient substance 
to hold nails admitted. 

STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 



A. H. M. A. 91 



4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on 
half and even inches; all fractions of less than 
1/2" dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
long, must have one clear face and two good 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 '1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in 
not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- 
sidered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face 
and. two good edges. The reverse face must 
be sound. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 
4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings. No cutting to be considered 
which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both 
edges of the cutting in this grade must be good 
and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. 

STEP PLANK 

1. Grades: Firsts and Seconds and Common. 

2. Widths: 11" to 15". 

3. Thicknesses: 1 1/4", 1 1/2" and 2". 

4. Lengths: 10' to 16'. 

FIRSTS AND SECONDS 

1. Firsts and Seconds must be clear one face 
and one edge. The reverse side and one edge 
must be sound. Firsts and Seconds may have 
a split not exceeding in length the surface 
measure of the piece. 

COMMON 

1. Must work 66 2/3% in cuttings 4' or over 
long by the full width of the piece. Each cut- 
ting must have one face and one edge clear; 
the reverse face and edge must be sound. 



92 A. H. M. A. 



MAPLE— SOFT 



1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1.. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their equiv 
alent. 

SECONDS 



: 



1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted accordin 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and V 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must 
work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square feet. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 



A. H. M. A. 93 



66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces '5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3' '-> clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long> must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide. 
4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' 
lengths. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% sound in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% sound in not over three cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 50% sound in not over four cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 50% sound in not over five 
cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide. 
4' and over long, and must contain at least 
25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of 
cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered 
which contains less than 36 square inches. 

STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on 
half and even inches; all fractions of less than 
1/2" dropped. 



94 A. H. M. A. 



CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
long, must have one clear face and two good 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in 
not over three cuttings. -No cutting to be con- 
sidered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face 
and two good, edges. The reverse face must 
be sound. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 
4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings. No cutting to be considered 
which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both 
edges of the cutting in this grade must be goo<3 
and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. 



A. H. M. A. 95 



PLAIN SAWN RED AND WHITE OAK 

1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds 1" of 
bright sap in the aggregate on the face side is 
no defect; each additional 1" of bright sap in 
the aggregate is one standard defect. 

4. On the reverse side of 6" and 7" pieces, 
bright sap up to one-third the width of the piece 
in the aggregate is no defect; each additional 1" 
of bright sap in the aggregate is one standard 
defect. 

5. On pieces 8" and wider, bright sap is no 
defect on the reverse side. 



FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 



SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best side. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must 
work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' a.nd shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 



96 A. H. M. A. 



No. 1 COMMON 

1. Bright sap is no defect in the Common 
grades. 

2. Widths: 4" and over wide. 

3. Lengths: 4' and over long, but not more 
than 10% may be 4', 5', 6' and 7' lengths. 

4. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

6. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two pieces in 
cuttings 2' and over long by the full width of 
the piece. 

7. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one 
standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

8. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, mus\ 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

9. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face 
in not over four cuttings. 

10. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide. 
4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work '50% clear face in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% clear face in not over three 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 50% clear face in not over 
four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 50% clear face in not 
over five cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Each piece must contain at least 50% 
sound cutting. 

4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square 
inches. 



A. H. M. A. 97 



No. 4 COMMON 

1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not 
up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be 
used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. 
Worm holes are not to be considered defects, 
and unsound lumber with sufficient substance 
to hold nails admitted. 

SOUND WORMY 

1. Must grade not below No. 1 Common, ex- 
cepting that worm holes, bird pecks, streaks, 
small sound knots not exceeding 3/4" in diam- 
eter and other sound defects which do not ex- 
ceed in extent or damage the defects described, 
may be admitted in the cuttings. 

STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common, No. 2 
Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from J;he good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half 
and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" 
dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. Bright sap is no defect in this grade. 

3. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Bright sap is no defect in this grade. 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
long, must have one clear face and two good 
edsres 

4. Pieces 2". 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3 % clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 
12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face 
in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be 
considered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face 
and two good edges. The reverse face must 
be sound. 

6. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; piece* 3 1/2", 4", 



98 A. H. M. A. 



4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is 
less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of 
the cutting in this grade must be good and 
the reverse face of cutting must be sound. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Bright or sound discolored sap is no de- 
fect in this grade. 

3. No. 2 Common Strips must work 50% clear 
face; no cutting to be considered which is less 
than 2" wide by 2' long. The reverse face of 
cuttings must be sound. 

STEP PLANK 

1. Grades: Firsts and Seconds and Common. 

2. Widths: 11" to 15". 

3. Thicknesses: 1 1/4", 1 1/2" and 2". 

4. Lengths: 10' to 16'. 

FIRSTS AND SECONDS 

1. Firsts and Seconds must be clear one face 
and one edge. The reverse side and one edge 
must be sound. Firsts and Seconds may have 
a split not exceeding 12" in length. Bright sap 
admitted on the face side up to one-third the 
width of the piece. 

COMMON 

1. Must work 66 2/3% in cuttings 4' or over 
long by the full width of the piece. Each cut- 
ting must have one face and one edge clear; 
the reverse face and edge must be sound. 

2. Bright sap is no defect in this grade. 

BRIDGE PLANK 
No. 1 BRIDGE PLANK 

1. Must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over 
long. 

2. 2" and thicker may be one- fourth of an 
inch scant in thickness except when otherwise 
specified. One face and two edges must be 
sound, excepting that slight wane, sound heart 
and an occasional grub or knot hole will be 
accepted. 

3. The reverse face may contain defects that 
do not seriously impair the strength of the 
piece in working its full width and length. 

No. 2 BRIDGE PLANK 

1. May contain all pieces not up to the grade 
of No. 1 Bridge Plank, but there must not b« 
more than 25% waste in any piece. 



A. H. M A 99 

SOUND SQUARE EDGED PLANKS 
AND TIMBERS 

1. Sound square edged plank and timbers shall 
be sawed to specified sizes and free from un- 
sound defects which prevent the working of 
the piece in the full width and length for the 
pvirpose intended. Sound heart boxed or show- 
ing: on the surface, worm holes, an occasional 
grub or knot hole (not extending through the 
piece), or slight wane on one or two corners 
may be admitted. 

PLAIN SAWN FLITCH 

1. Lumber shall be graded according to the 
general rule applying to the kind of lumber in- 
spected, with the exception that it must be 
measured on the narrow or sap side in the cen- 
ter of the piece inside the wane or bark, and 
graded into any of the grades of No. 3 Common 
and Better to which its quality entitles It. 
There is no restriction to heart in the grades 
of Common. 

2. THIS RULE DOES NOT APPLY TO VE- 
NEER FLITCH. 

VEHICLE LUMBER AND DIMENSION 

1. Scattered pin worms, spot or flag worm 
holes in not more than three to a cluster, not 
less than 12" apart, sound bird peck, sound 
small knots not over 1/4" in diameter, sap and 
streaks shall not be considered defects in the 
grade of Firsts and Seconds or in the cuttings 
of the Common grades. There shall be no re- 
strictions as to heart in the common grades. 

FIRSTS AND SECONDS 

1. Firsts and Seconds are a combined grade 
and must be 4" and over wide, 8' and over long. 

2. Pieces 4" wide must be free from defects. 
Standard defects admitted in pieces 5" and 
over wide, according to the surface measure, 
as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8'. 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
17', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 
4' and over long; not to exceed 5% of 4" 
widths, or 10% of 4" and 5" widths. 

2. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be free of 
defects. 

3. Pieces 4" to 7" wide, 6' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% in not over two cuttings; 



100 A. H. M. A. 






pieces 4" to 7" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3% in not over three cuttings. 

4. Pieces 8" and over wide, 6' to 9' long, must 
work 66 2/3% in not over two cuttings; pieces 
8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must work 
66 2/3% in not over three cuttings; pieces 8" 
and over wide, 14' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3% in not over four cuttings. 

5. Each cutting to be not less than 3" wide 
by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% in not over three cuttings; 11' to 16' 
long must work 50% in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must 
work 50% in not over three cuttings; 10' to 13' 
long, must work 50% in not over four cuttings; 
14' and over long, must work 50% in not over 
five cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

SELECT CAR STOCK 

For Passenger, Refrigerator and Locomotive 
Work 

1. Thickness cut to order, widths cut to order, 
lengths cut to order. Unless otherwise noted, 
must be cut from White Oak. This stock, 
wherever practical, should be cut outside of 
the heart and must be free of heart shake in 
pieces under 6" square. No attempt should be 
made to box the heart in pieces smaller than 
5" by 7" unless heart is very small and tight. 
When heart is well boxed it must be firm and 
tight, and the center of the heart must not be 
nearer than 2" from any face; must be sawed 
full to sizes with square edges, and cut from 
sound timber and free from worm holes, with 
the exception of a few small pin worm holes 
well scattered, and an occasional spot worm. 
None of these defects, however, to affect the 
serviceability of the piece for the purpose in- 
tended. Must be free from split, rot or dote, 
large, loose, or unsound knots, or in other 
words, free of all defects affecting the strength 
and durability of the piece. Sound standard 
knots, well scattered, not considered a defect. 

FREIGHT CAR STOCK 

1. Freight car dimensions, including all cars 
other than refrigerator and passenger cars. 
Sizes cut to order. Unless otherwise ordered, 
must be sawed from grood merchantable White 
or Red Oak timber. This stock must be free 
of rot, shake and splits, large, loose, rotten or 



A H. M. A. 101 



unsound knots, any of which will materially im- 
pair the strength and durability of the piece 
for the purpose intended. This stock is in- 
tended to work full size and length without 
waste for side posts, braces, and end sills and 
plates, drafting timbers, cross ties, etc., used in 
the construction of ordinary freight or stock 
cars. On pieces 3" by 4" or equivalent girth 
measurement and larger (nothing under 2" 
thick), heart check showing on one corner or 
side admitted on 20% of the pieces in each car 
shipment. Well boxed sound hearts admitted in 
this material in pieces 5" by 6" and larger. 

2. On pieces 3" by 4" to 6" by 6", inclusive, or 
equivalent girth measurement and larger 
(nothing under 2" thick), in absence of heart 
defects, wane on one corner, 3/4" side measure- 
ment, admitted on not to exceed 20% of the 
number of pieces in each car shipment. 

3. Pieces over 6" by 6" square may contain 1" 
wane, side measurement, on one corner with 
other conditions same as 3" by 4" to 6" by 6" 
sizes. 

SWITCH TIES 

1. Sawed switch ties shall be 6x8", 7x9", 8x10", 
or other standard sizes as specified, in lengths 
varying 1' or 6", as the case may be, and 
should be trimmed not to exceed 1" and under, 
or 3" and over, lengths specified. Must be 
sound timber. 

2. As with other material under these rules, 
stock should be cut substantially full size, but 
to cover the necessary variation in the manu- 
facture a reasonable percentage not to exceed 
1/4" scant green, or 1/2" scant when dry will 
be accepted. 

3. Reasonably sound tight heart will be ad- 
mitted on one side, edge or corner, provided 
other faces are solid. Large sound knots, pin 
or spot worm holes, or occasional knot or grub 
holes are no defect. "Wane allowed on one or 
more corners, part or full length, provided that 
in the aggregate it does not reduce the bearing 
face to an average of more than 1%" under 
the width specified. 

CROSSING PLANK 

1. Must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over 
long. 

2. 2" and thicker may be 1/4" scant in thick- 
ness, except when otherwise specified. One 
face and two edges must be sound, excepting 
that slight wane, sound heart and an occa- 
sional grub or knot hole will be accepted. 

3. The reverse face may contain defects that 
do not seriously impair the strength of the piece 
in working its full width and length. 



102 A. H. M. A. 

QUARTER SAWN RED AND WHITE 
OAK 

1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds 1" of 
bright sap in the aggregate is no defect; each 
additional 1" of bright sap in the aggregate 
must be considered as one standard defect. 

4. Bright sap is no defect in Selects and Com- 
mon grades. 

5. 10% of Quartered Oak may be 1/16" scant 
on one edge provided the other side Is full 
standard thickness when shipping dry. 

G. Firsts and Seconds and Selects in Quarter 
Sawn Oak must show figure on one face not 
less than 90% in the aggregate. The cuttings 
in No. 1 Common and No. 2 Common must 
show figure on one face. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. Pieces 16' and over surface measure 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 

12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 

16'. 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 

20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. Widths: 5" and wider. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of tbe piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one fnce and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 5" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must 
work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 



A. H. M. A. 103 



6. Trie minimum length of any cutting to Pe 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". No cutting to contain less than 144 square 
inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Widths: 3" and wider. 

2. Lengths: 4' and longer, but not more than 
10% may be 4', 5', 6' and 7' lengths, not exceed- 
ing 5% of 3." widths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 3" and 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must 
be clear. 

5. Pieces 3" and 4" wide, 8' to 16' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two pieces 
in cuttings 2' and over long by the full width 
of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one 
standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must 
Avork 66 2/3% clear face In not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3%. clear face In not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long, or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide. 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% clear face in not over three 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 50% clear face in not over 
four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 50% clear face in not 
over five cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

Nq. 3 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4" and over long. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Each piece must contain at least 50% 
sound cutting. 



104 A. H. M. A. 



4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square 
inches. 

No. 4 COMMON 

1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not 
up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be 
used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. 
Worm holes are not to be considered defects, 
and unsound lumber with sufficient substance 
to hold nails admitted. 

STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common, No. 2 
Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of the strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on 
half and even inches; all fractions of less than 
1/2" dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. 1/2" sap on 2" to 3 1/2", 1" sap on 4" to 
5 1/2" strips in the aggregate allowed on face 
side. 

3. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Bright sap is no defect in this grade. 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
long, must have one clear face and two good 
edR*es 

4. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 
12' and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face 
in not over three cuttings. No cutting to be 
considered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face 
and two good edges. The reverse face must 
be sound. 

6. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 
4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 






A. H. M. A. 105 



cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is 
less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of 
the cutting in this grade must be good and the 
reverse face of cutting must be sound. 



No. 2 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Bright or sound discolored sap is no de- 
fect in this grade. 

3. No. 2 Common Strips must work 50% clear 
face; no cutting to be considered which is less 
than 2" wide by 2' long. The reverse face of 
cuttings must be sound. 



106 A. H. M. A. 



PECAN 

1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds 30 '/<■ 
of S' to 10' lengths will be admitted. 

FIRSTS AND SECONDS 

1. Firsts and Seconds are combined as one 
grade. 

2. Bird pecks not exceeding 1/2" in length, 
1/4" in width, admitted if sound, but if exces- 
sive must be considered by the inspector. 

3. Widths: 4" and over wide. 

4. Pieces 4" wide must be clear. 

5. Standard defects admitted in pieces 5" 
and over wide, according to surface measure, 
as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
IS', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 
4' and over long, not to exceed 5% of 4" widths. 

2. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

3. Pieces 4" to 7" wide, 6' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 4" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

4. Pieces 8" and over wide, 6' to 9' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
four cuttings. 

5. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long, or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long, admitting 25% 
of 4', 5' and 6' lengths, but not more than 10% 
mav be under 6'. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Pieces 4' long must be clear one face. 

4. Pieces 5' and longer must work at least 
50% clear face cutting. 

5. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
IS"; the minimum width of any cutting to be 
3"; the smallest cutting allowed must contain 
72 square inches. 



A. H. M. A. 107 



No. 3 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Each piece must contain at least 50% 
sound cutting. 

4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18"; the minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
72 square inches. 

No. 4 COMMON 

1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not 
up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be 
used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. 
Worm holes are not to be considered defects, 
and unsound lumber with sufficient substance 
to hold nails admitted. 



108 A. H. M. A. 



POPLAR 






•1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Sound gum spots are no defect in any 
grade. Open gum spots are to be considered 
by the inspector. 

4. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds pieces 
10" and wider, bright sap up to one-third the 
width of the piece in the aggregate on one 
face, is no defect; each additional 1" of bright 
sap in the aggregate is one standard defect; 
1" of bright sap in the aggregate on the re- 
verse face is no defect; each additional 1" of 
bright sap in the aggregate is one standard 
defect. 

5. In the grades of Firsts and Seconds and 
Selects, mineral stain not exceeding one-sixth 
the surface measure of the piece in the aggre- 
gate will be admitted. In the grades of Sap 
and Common mineral stain is no defect. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 8" and over wide, 10' and 
over long. 

2. Pieces 8" and 9" wide must be free of sap 
on one face. The reverse face may have 2" 
of bright sap in the aggregate. 

3. Pieces 13' to 16' surface measure will ad- 
mit one standard defect or its equivalent. 

4. Pieces 17' and over surface measure will 
admit two standard defects or their equivalent. 

SECONDS 

1. Must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over 
long. 

2. Pieces 6" wide must be free from defects, 
including sap. 

3. Pieces 7" wide will admit 1" of bright 
sap in the aggregate. 

4. Pieces 8" and 9" wide, 5' to 7' surface 
measure, will admit 1" of bright sap in the 

5. Pieces 8" and 9" wide, 8' and over surface 
measure, will admit one standard defect and 1" 
of bright sap in the aggregate, or 2" of bright 
sap in the aggregate, if there is no other 
defect. 

6. Pieces 10" and over wide, 6' to 9' surface 
measure, may have one standard defect or its 
eauivalent. 

7. Pieces 10" and over wide, 10' to 14' surface 
measure, may have two standard defects or 
their equivalent. 

8. Pieces 15' to 20' surface measure may have 
three standard defects or their equivalent. 

9. Pieces 21' and over surface measure may 
have four standard defects or their equivalent. 



A. H. M. A. 109 



SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 8' and over; 20% may be 8', 9' 
and 10' and not to exceed 5% under 10'. 

2. Widths: 6" and over wide. 

3. Selects shall include the following differ- 
ent kinds of boards: 

(1) A board having a face side as good 
as a First, the other side must be as good as a 
No. 2 Common. Sun checks admitted on the 
poor side of this board. 

(2) A board having a face side as good as a 
Second, the other side must be as good as a 
No. 1 Common. 

(3) A board that has one more standard 
defect than would admit it to a Second. Ex- 
amples: 

(a) A board 6" to 7" wide with one standard 
defect. 

(b) A board 8" wide with 1" of bright sap 
and one standard defect. 

(c) Boards 9" to 11" wide, with 2" of bright 
sap and two standard defects, and accordingly 
as widths increase. 

4. Splits not to exceed the width of the board 
up to 10" are admitted. Board over 10" in 
width will admit a split one-sixth the length 
of the board. 

SAPS 

1. Saps must be 5" and wider, 8' and longer. 

2. Pieces 5" to 8" wide must be clear, except- 
ing one straight split not exceeding in length 
the width of the piece. 

3. On pieces 6" and over wide, wane along 
the edge or its equivalent at one end or both 
ends, not exceeding one-sixth the length of the 
piece, not exceeding in thickness one-half the 
thickness of the piece, and not exceeding 1" in 
width, shall not be considered a defect. 

4. Pieces 9" and over wide may have one 
standard defect. 

5. Bright sap is no defect in this grade. 

6. NOTE — Stain covered by general instruc- 
tions. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Sound discolored sap is no defect in this 
grade. 

2. Widths: 4" and wider, but not more than 
5% may be under 5". 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16', but not more than 20% 
may be under 10', and not to exceed 10% of 
6' and V. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear; pieces 4" wide, 8' to 16' long, may have 
one standard defect. 

5. Pieces 5" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear: pieces 5" wide, 8' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings. 



110 A. H. M. A. 



6. Pieces 6" and over wide, 6' and 7' long, 
may have one standard defect. 

7. Pieces 6" to 9" wide, 8' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings'; pieces 6" to 9" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 10" and over wide, 8' and 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings. 

9. Pieces 10" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings; pieces 10" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
four cuttings. 

10. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long, or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. Sound discolored sap is no defect in this 
grade. 

2. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' 
long, must work 50% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and 
longer, must work 50% clear face in not over 
four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over three cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 50% clear face in not over four 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 50% clear .face in not over 
five cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over; 25% may be 4', 5' 
and 6', and not to exceed 10% under 6'. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. No. 3 Common must contain at least 50% 
sound cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be less than 3" wide and 2' 
long. 

No. 4 COMMON 

1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not 
up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be 
used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. 
Worm holes are not to be considered defects, 
and unsound lumber with sufficient substance 
to hold nails admitted. 

PANEL AND WIDE No. 1 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Widths: 18" and over wide. 



A. H. M. A. Ill 



3. Thicknesses: 3/8" to 2". 

4. Bright sap is no defect and not to exceed 
3" sound discolored sap on each edge in the 
aggregate may be admitted on any piece. 

5. Splits not exceeding 6" in length in one 
end of the piece are not to be considered as 
defects. 

6. Panel and Wide No. 1 is a combined grade 
and must contain at least 50% panel. 

PANEL 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16', admiting not to exceed 
20% of 8', 9' and 10' lengths. 

2. 50% of the total quantity must be clear 
on both sides. The balance of the quantity may 
contain defects, provided 90% of the piece can 
be used for panels in cuttings 4' or over long 
by the full width of the piece. 

WIDE No. 1 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Pieces 6' and 7' long must be clear. 

3. Pieces 8' and over long will admit defects 
provided 75% of the piece can be used for 
panels in cuttings 4' or over long by the full 
width of the piece. 

WIDE No. 2 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long; 20% may be 6' 
7', 8', 9' and 10', not to exceed 10% under 10'. 

2. Widths: 18" to 23", 24" to 27" and 28" 
and over. 

3. Thicknesses: 3/8" to 2". 

4. Bright sap is no defect and not to exceed 
3" sound discolored sap on each edge in the 
aggregate may be admitted on any piece. 

5. Pieces 6' and 7' long will admit one stand- 
ard defect. 

6. 8' lengths will admit two standard defects. 

7. 18" wide, except 8' lengths, may contain 
Ave standard defects and one additional defect 
for each 2" of additional width. 

8. Splits equal in length to the width of the 
board are admitted in not to exceed 10% of the 
boards, and are counted as a standard defect. 

WAGON BOX BOARDS 

1. Widths: Wide, 13" to 17". Narrow, 9" 
to 12". 

2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 

3. Thicknesses: Must be 1" thick when ship- 
ping dry. 

4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few 
scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 

5. 11' length will admit 3" splits in one end, 
or their equivalent in one or both ends. 

6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 
12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one or 
both ends. 



112 A. H. M. A. 



7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one end, 
or their equivalent in both ends; otherwise each 
piece in 11' to 13' lengths may contain defects 
that do not prevent the piece from cutting one 
side; or in each piece 14' to 16' long, one side 
and one end: sides to work 10' 6" long, ends to 
work 3' 6" long by the full width of the piece. 
Each side and end may contain one sound 
standard defect, or its equivalent, showing on 
one side. 

8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a ship- 
ment that can be reduced in measurement by 
cutting the end or edge or both to a size or- 
dered must be accepted and measured as box 
boards; separate tally to be kept of such boards, 
showing reduction in measurement. 

9. Inspectors are cautioned that lumber so 
warped that it cannot be used for box boards 
must be excluded from this grade. 

STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, Select, No. 1 Common, No. 
2 Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: S' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5", 
5 1J2". 

5. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of strip inside of beveled edges. 

6. Must be tallied widths and lengths on 
half and eveh inches, all fractions of less than 
1/2" dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. Must be clear both faces excepting 1" of 
bright sap showing on one side only. 

SELECTS 

1. Will admit bright sap without limit. In 
absence of sap will admit two sound knots not 
to exceed 3/4" in diameter, or one sound 
standard knot. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Bright or sound discolored sap is no 
defect. 

2. 8' to 12' lengths will admit 2 standard 
defects 

3. 14' to 16' lengths will admit 3 standard 
defects. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. Must work 66 2/3% of its length by full 
width of piece, sound; pin worms, bright or 
sound discolored sap, sound tight knots ad- 
mitted, 



A. H. M. A. 113 

POPLAR— DRESSED OR WORKED 
General Instructions 

1. Dressed Poplar shall be inspected from the 
best or face side. The reverse side may contain 
defective dressing but no other defects that 
would not go in the grade. 

2. Slightly chipped grain on face side ad- 
mitted, provided it does not exceed 6" square 
in Firsts and Seconds, 12" square in Saps and 
Selects, and 18" square in No. 1 Common in 
the aggregate. 

3. Imperfect manufacture in dressed or 
worked stock, such as torn grain, broken knois, 
mis-matched, insufficient tongue or groove, shall 
be considered defects and will reduce the grade 
accordingly. 

4. Partition, Ceiling, Flooring or Drop Sid- 
ing, having less than three-sixteenths of an inch 
tongue, shall not be admitted in any grade 
above No. 2 Common. 

5. Wane on the reverse side, not exceeding 
one-third the width, and running not to ex- 
ceed one-sixth the length of any piece, pro- 
vided the wane does not extend into the tongue, 
or over one-half the thickness below the groove, 
will be admitted. 



Bevel Siding 



1. Bevel Siding is made from 1x4" 5" and 6" 
strips. S4S to 27/32x3 3/8", 4 3/8" and 5 3/8" 
and resawed on a bevel. 

No. 1 

1. Lengths: 6' to 20', admitting 15% of odd 
lengths. Must be practically free of defects ex- 
cept 1" of sap or two knots on thin edge that 
will cover by lap. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' to 20', admitting 15% of odd 
lengths. "Will admit two sound knots 3/4" in 
diameter, or one standard defect. Sap admitted 
without limit. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' to 20', admitting 15% of odd 
lengths. Sound discolored sap and scattering 
pin-worm holes not to be considered defects in 
this grade. In addition thereto boards may con- 
tain standard defects or their equivalent as 
follows •• 

4' lengths, one. 

5' to 9' lengths, two. 

10' to 14' lengths, three. 

15' to 20' lengths, four. 



114 A. H. M. A. 



No. 2 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' to 20', admitting 15% of odd 
lengths. Will admit all pieces that will not 
come up to the grade of No. 1 Common which 
can be vised for cheap siding without waste of 
more than one-third the length of any one 
piece. Pin-worm holes admitted. 



Drop Siding 






1. Made from 1x4", 5" and 6" strips. 

2. Widths: 3 1/4", 4 1/4", 5 1/4" net face, 
counted as 4", 5" and 6", respectively. 

3. Thickness: 3/4" net after surfacing. 

4. The above covers all grades. 

No. 1 

1. Lengths: 6' to 20', admitting 15% of odd 
lengths. Must be practically free of defects on 
face side. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' to 20', admitting 15% of odd 
lengths. Will admit two sound knots 3/4" in 
diameter, or one standard defect. Sap ad- 
mitted without limit. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' to 20', admitting 15% of odd 
lengths. Sound discolored sap and scattering 
pin-worm holes not to be considered defects in 
this grade. In addition thereto boards may con- 
tain standard defects or their equivalent as 
follows: 

4' lengths, one. 

5' to 9' lengths, two. 
10' to 14' lengths, three. 
15' to 20' lengths, four. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' to 20', admitting 15% of odd 
lengths. Will admit all pieces that will not 
come up to the grade of No. 1 Common which 
can be used for cheap siding without waste of 
more than one-third the length of any one 
piece. Pin-worm holes admitted. 

Dressed Dimension Strips 

1. Widths: 3" and over; stock S2S 1/4" 
scant in width; stock S4S 1/2" scant in width. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 



A. H. M. A. 115 



No. 1 



1. Lengths: 6' to 20', admitting 15% of odd 
lengths. Each piece must be practically clear 
on one face, V" to 9" widths, 1'*' ot bright sap 
admitted on one edge showing on face side, 
10" to 12" widths, 1 1/2" of brignt sap admitted 
on one edge showing on face side. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' to 20', admitting 15% of odd 
lengths. Bright sap admitted without limit, 
and in addition thereto one standard defect or 
its equivalent admitted in boards 8" and under 
wide, and two standard defects or their equiva- 
lent admitted in boards 9" to 12", inclusive. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' to 20', admitting 15% of odd 
lengths. Shall admit of any number of sound 
knots that paint will cover, the board to work 
full length and width. Bright or sound dis- 
colored sap and scattered pin-worm holes not 
to be considered defects in this grade. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' to 20', admitting 15% of odd 
lengths. Shall include all boards that will work 
two-thirds or more of the same grade as No. 
1 Common, in not to exceed three cuts the full 
width of the boards, no cutting to be shorter 
than 3'. 



Casing and Base 



1. Lengths: 8' and over, admitting 15% of 
odd lengths. 

2. Widths: Net, 3 1/2", 4 1/2", 5 1/2", 6 1/2", 
7 1/2", 8 1/2" and 9 1/2", counted 1/2" wider 
than net face. 

3. Thickness: 13/16" after surfacing. 

4. The above refers to and covers all grades. 

FIRSTS AND SECONDS 

1. Each piece must be practically clear on 

2. 7" to 10" widths, 1" of bright sap admitted 
on one edge, showing on face side. 

SAP AND SELECTS 

1. . Bright sap admitted without limit, and in 
addition one standard defect or its equivalent 
to be admitted in boards 8" and under, and two 
standard defects or their equivalent in boards 
9" to 10" wide. 



116 A. H. M. A. 



No. 1 COMMON 



1. This grade will include all stock that will 
not come up to the grade of Saps and Selects, 
that will work two-thirds of its length clear 
face in pieces 3' long and longer, regardless of 
sap. Stained sap, without limit, where there 
are no other defects, admitted in this grade. 



POPLAR—QUARTER SAWN 

1. Grades. Firsts and Seconds and No. 1 
Common. 

2. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

3. Widths: 3" and over wide. 



FIRSTS^ AND SECONDS 

1. Firsts and Seconds are a combined grade 
and must be 5" and over wide. Standard de- 
fects are admitted according to surface meas- 
ure as follows: 

6', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

9', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
13', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
18' and over, 4 standard defects or their 
equivalent. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 
8' and over long, not to exceed 5% of 4" widths. 

2. Pieces 4" wide must work 75% clear face 
in not over two cuttings; pieces 5" and over 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 75% clear face 
in not over two cuttings; 12' and over long 
must work 75% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

3. No piece or cutting considered which is 
less than 4" wide and 2' long, or 3" wide and 
3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' and over, admitting 10% of 
odd lengths; 25% may be 6', 7' and 8', and not 
to exceed 10% under 8'. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Thicknesses: Standard. 

4. Bright or slightly discolored sap no defect. 

5. No. 2 Common shall include all lumber 
that will not come up to the grade of No. 1 
Common that will work at least 50% into clear 
face quartered cuttings. No piece or cutting 
to be less than 3" wide and 2' long. 



A. H. M. A. 117 



SYCAMORE— PLAIN 

1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure 
must be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface meas- 
ure may have one standard defect or its equiv- 
alent. 

2. Pieces 16' and over surface measure may 
have two standard defects or their equivalent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted acording to 
surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear 
one face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" and over wide, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long must 
work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
1 44 square inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30*^ 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 



118 A. H. M. A. 



5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long-, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces . 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5 7 ' to 7" wide. 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 5' 
lengths. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% sound in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% sound in not over three cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 50 % sound in not over four cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over 
long, must work 50% sound in not over five 
cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, and must contain at least 
25% of sound cuttings. Minimum width of 
cuttings 1 1/2", and no cutting considered 
which contains less than 36 square inches. 

STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 



A. H. M. A. 119 



6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half 
and even inches, all fractions of less than 1 / £" 
dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
long, must have one clear face and two good 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in 
not over three cuttings. No cutting to De con- 
sidered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face 
and two good edges. The reverse face must 
be sound. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 
4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings. No cutting to be considered 
which is less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both 
edges of the cutting in this grade must be good 
and the reverse face of cutting must be sound. 



120 A. II. M. A. 



SYCAMORE— QUARTER SAWN 

1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Firsts and Seconds and Selects Quarter 
Sawn Sycamore must show figure on one face 
not less than 90% in the aggregate. The cut- 
tings in No. 1 Common and No. 2 Common must 
show figure on one face. 

4. Ten per cent, of quartered .Sycamore may 
be 1/16" scant on one edge, provided the other 
edge is full standard thickness when shipping 
dry. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must 
be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface measure may 
have one standard defect or its equivalent. 
Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have 
two standard defects or their equivalent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according to 
surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 
12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 
16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 
20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Lengths: 6' and over long, not over 30% 
under 12' and not to exceed 5% of 6' and 7'. 

2. "Widths: 5" and over wide. 

3. Inspection to be made from the good side 
of the piece. Pieces 6' and 7' must be clear one 
face and sound on the reverse side. 

4. Pieces 6" find over wirle, 8' and over long, 
must grade not below seconds on the best face. 
The reverse side of pieces 8' and over long 
must work at least 80% sound. 

5. This grade may also include pieces other 
than those described above, below the grade 
of seconds, that will work at least 80% clear 
face, as follows: 12' and shorter, two cuttings; 
13' and longer, three cuttings. 

6. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
8". The smallest cutting allowed must contain 
144 square inches. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30% 
shorter than 10', and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 



A. H. M. A. 121 



3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide. 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No, cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have 
one standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 ?'3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 66 2/3^ clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not 
over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide by 2' long or 3" wide by 3' long. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over Avide. 
4' and over long, but not more than 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths admitted in this grade. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and over long, must 
work 50% clear face in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, 
must work 50% clear face in not over three 
cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' 
long, must work 50% clear face in not over 
four cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and 
over long, must work 50% clear face in not 
over five cuttings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 4' and over long. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. Each piece must contain at least 50% 
sound cutting. 

4. The minimum length of any cutting to be 
18". The minimum width of any cutting to be 
3". No cutting to contain less than 72 square 
inches. 

No. 4 COMMON 

1. No. 4 Common shall include all lumber not 
up to the grade of No. 3 Common that can be 
used for cheap boxing, sheathing, crating, etc. 



122 A. H. M. A. 



Worm holes are not to be considered defects, 
and unsound lumber with sufficient substance 
to hold nails admitted. 

STRIPS 

1. Grades: Clear, No. 1 Common. 

2. Thicknesses: Standard. 

3. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

4. Widths: 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 
5" and 5 1/2". 

5. Inspection on all grades must be made 
from the good side of the piece. 

6. Measurement must be made at narrow 
part of strip inside of beveled edges. 

7. Must be tallied widths and lengths on half 
and even inches; all fractions of less than 1/2" 
dropped. 

CLEAR 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. Must have one clear face and two good 
edges; the reverse face must be sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

'2. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 6' and 7' 
long, must have one clear face and two good 
edges. 

3. Pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 8' to 11' 
long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
two cuttings; pieces 2", 2 1/2" and 3" wide, 12' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face in 
not over three cuttings. No cutting to be con- 
sidered which is less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

4. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 6' and 7' long, must have one clear face 
and two good edges. The reverse face must 
be sound. 

5. Pieces 3 1/2", 4", 4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" 
wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 66 2/3% clear 
face in not over two cuttings; pieces 3 1/2", 4", 
4 1/2", 5" and 5 1/2" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. No cutting to be considered which is 
less than 3" wide and 2' long. Both edges of 
the cutting in this grade must be good and the 
reverse face of cutting must be sound. 



A. H. M. A. 123 



WALNUT 



1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

3. All odd lengths must be measured. 

4. Steamed sap is no defect. 

5. These rules apply only to steam treated 
lumber, if lumber is not so treated, Sap is a 
defect and special contract should be made 
between buyer and seller, outlining to what 
extent the Sap is to be considered a defect. 

FIRSTS AND SECONDS 

1. Firsts and Seconds are a combined grade 
and must be 6" and over wide, 8' and over 
long, and not to exceed 45% under 10' long. 

2. Pieces 8' and longer, 6" and 7" wide, may 
have one standard defect or its equivalent. 

3. Pieces 8' and longer, 8" and 9" wide, may 
have two standard defects or their equivalent. 

4. Pieces 8' and 9' long, 10" and over wide, 
may have two standard defects or their equiv- 
alent. 

5. Pieces 10' and over long, 10" and over 
wide, may have three standard defects or their 
equivalent. 

SELECTS 

1. Selects must be 4" and over wide, 6' and 
over long, admitting 50% under 10' long and 
10% may be 6' and 7' long. 

2. Pieces 6' and longer, 4" and 5" wide, must 
have one clear face and two good edges, an-i 
the reverse side not below grade of No. 1 
Common. 

3. Pieces 6' and 7' long, 6" and over wide, 
must have one clear face and two good edges, 
and the reverse side not below grade of No. 1 
Common. 

4. Pieces 8' and over long, 6" and over wide, 
must not grade below seconds on best face 
and not below No. 1 Common on poor side. 

5. Will admit pieces 8' and over long with one 
clear face, the reverse side sound but not be- 
low the grade of No. 2 Common. 

6. In lumber 5/4" and less in thickness, 20% 
of the quantity may grade not below No. 2 
Common on the poor side, provided it will 
work 80 7c sound. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide, 
4' and over long. 

2. Pieces 4" and over wide must work 
66 2/3% clear face, no cutting to be considered 
which does not contain 144 square inches. 



124 



A. H. M. A. 



3. The minimum width of any cutting to b« 
3", the minimum length of any cutting to be 
24". Each cutting in this grade must have one 
clear face and the reverse side must be sound. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common will admit all lumber below 
the grade of No. 1 Common that will cut 50% 
clear face in pieces containing 72 or more^ 
square inches. The reverse face of all cuttings 1 
must be sound. The minimum width of any 
cutting to be 2". 



No. 3 COMMON 

1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide. 
4' and over long, and must contain at least 
25% of sound cuttings. 

2. Minimum width of cutting 1 1/2", and no! 
cutting considered which contains less than 36' 
square inches. 



A. H. M. A. 125 



WILLOW 

1. Thicknesses and lengths: Standard. 

2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 

FIRSTS 

1. Firsts must be 6" and over wide, 8' and 
over long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must 
be clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface measure may 
have one standard defect or its equivalent. 
Pieces 16' and over surface measure may have 
two standard defects or their equivalent. 

SECONDS 

1. Seconds must be 6" and over wide. 

2. Standard defects are admitted according 
to surface measure as follows: 

5', 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 

8', 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 

12', 3 standard defects or their equivalent. 

16', 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 

20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. No. 1 Common must be 4" and over wide. 

2. Lengths: 4' and over long, not over 30 % 
shorter than 10' and not to exceed 10% of 4' 
and 5' lengths. 

3. Pieces 4' and 5' long must be clear. 

4. Pieces 4" wide, 6' and 7' long, must be 
clear. 

5. Pieces 4" wide, 8' to 11' long, must work 
66 2/3% clear face in not over two cuttings; 
pieces 4" wide, 12' to 16' long, must work 
66 2/3'% clear face in not over three cuttings. 
No cutting to be less than 2' long by the full 
width of the piece. 

6. Pieces 6' long, 5" to 8" wide, may have one 
standard defect; pieces 6' long, 9" and over 
wide, may have two standard defects. 

7. Pieces 5" to 7" wide, 7' to 11' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 5" to 7" wide, 12' and over long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over three 
cuttings. 

8. Pieces 8" and over wide, 7' to 9' long, must 
work 66 2/3% clear face in not over two cut- 
tings; pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, 
must work 66 2/3% clear face in not over 
three cuttings; pieces 8" and over wide, 14' 
and over long, must work 66 2/3% clear face 
in not over four cuttings. 

9. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 4" wide bv 2' long, or 3" wide by 3' long. 



126 A. H. M. A. 



No. 2 COMMON 

1. No. 2 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, not to exceed 10% of 4' and 
5' lengths. 

2. Pieces 3" to 7" wide, 4' to 10' long, must 
work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 3" to 7" wide, 11' and longer, must work 
50% sound in not over four cuttings. 

3. Pieces 8" and over wide, 4' to 9' long, must 
work 50% sound in not over three cuttings; 
pieces 8" and over wide, 10' to 13' long, must 
work 50% sound in not over four cuttings; 
pieces 8" and over wide, 14' and over long, 
must work 50% sound in not over five cut- 
tings. 

4. No cutting to be considered which is less 
than 3" wide by 2' long. 

No. 3 COMMON 

1. No. 3 Common must be 3" and over wide, 
4' and over long, and must contain at least 25% 
of sound cuttings. Minimum width of cuttings 
iy 2 ", and no cutting considered which contains 
less than 36 square inches. 

WAGON BOX BOARDS 

1. Widths: Wide, 13" to 17". Narrow, 9" 
to 12". 

2. Lengths: 11' to 16'. 

3. Thickness: Must be 1" thick when ship- 
ping dry. 

4. Bright or sound discolored sap or a few 
scattered pin worm holes may be admitted. 

5. 11' lengths will admit 3" splits in one end, 
or their equivalent in one or both ends. 

6. 12', 13', 15' and 16' lengths will admit of a 
12" split in one end, or its equivalent in one 
or both ends. 

7. 14' lengths will admit 6" splits in one end 
or their equivalent in both ends; otherwise each 
piece in 11' to 13' lengths may contain defects 
that do not prevent the piece from cutting one 
side; or in each piece 14' to 16' long, one side 
and one end; side to work 10' 6" long, ends to 
work 3' 6" long by the full width of the piece. 
Each side and end may contain one sound 
standard defect, or its equivalent, showing on 
one side. 

8. NOTE — Five per cent, in feet of a shipment 
that can be reduced in measurement by cutting 
the end or edge or both to a size ordered must 
be accepted and measured as box boards; sep- 
arate tally to be kept of such boards, show- 
ing reduction in measurement. 

9. Inspectors are cautioned that lumber so 
warped that it cannot be used for box boards 
must be excluded from this grade. 



A. H. M. A. 127 



WAGON STOCK 

No. 1 AXLES 

1. To be cut from live tough black or shell 
bark hickory, cut 6' in length, to include all 
the clear and perfect stock. Defects as fol- 
lows admissible: 

2. Stain, penetrating not more than 1/16" and 
which has not developed into a rotting condi- 
tion. 

3. Four sound pin knots, not exceeding 1/4" 
in diameter, or two sound knots 3/4'^ in diam- 
eter, near the center lines longitudinally on top 
or side, and not over 12" of center or more than 
6" of ends. Knots (except pin knots) not to be 
closer than 12" apart. . 

4. Splits, on either end, extending not more 
than 6" in axle or 3" on both ends. 

5. Season checks, not more than 1/2" deep 
and not more than 12" long. 

6. Hearts or Heart Rings, none. 

7. Shakes, that will plane out with 1/8" cut. 

8. Not more than two pin worm holes not 
nearer than 6" to each other. Not more than 
two grub holes that will penetrate more than 
6" of either end of the piece. 

9. Bird pecks allowed if sound, or if unsound 
part is not to exceed 1/2" in diameter and not 
over 1/4" in depth. 

10. Axles with wane will be measured exclud- 
ing the wane. 

11. Bright sap considered no defect. 

12. Grain can cross 3" in entire length of 
axle. 

13. If defects not admitted can be cut out so 
as to reduce axle to a smaller size used and 
ordered by the buyer, it shall be so inspected. 

14. Hewn axles shall be measured to square 
to the size they are ordered. 

15. Defects at ends of axles that will admit of 
piece working 5' 6" long will be admitted. 

BOLSTERS 

1. To be cut from good, tough, straight- 
grained Oak or Hickory (when Oak is specified 
it will be understod as being "White or Red 
Oak) suitable for wagon material. To be clear 
and perfect stock, excepting the following de- 
fects, which will be admissible: 

2. Stain, penetrating not more than 1/16", 
and which shows no sign of rot. 

3. One sound knot not over 1/2" in diam- 
eter, not more than 12" from the center of the 
piece, or three sound pin knots not exceeding 
1/4" in diameter located in same manner. 

4. Splits, none. 

5. Season Checks, not more than 1/2" deep, 
nor more than 12" long. 



128 A. H. M. A. 



G. Heart Rings, none. 

7. Shakes, if they can be planed out with 
1/8" cut. 

8. Not more than six pin worm holes in a 
bolster, these holes not to be in clusters of more 
than three holes 6" apart. 

9. Bird pecks, allowed if sound. 

10. Will be measured excluding the wane. 

11. Bright sap accepted. 

12. Grain can cross 2" in length of Bolster as 
maximum. 

13. If defects not admitted can be cut out so 
as to reduce Bolster to a smaller size used and 
ordered by the buyer, it shall be so inspected. 

No. 1 SANDBOARDS 

1. To be cut from good, tough, straight- 
grained Oak or Hickory (when Oak is specified 
it will be understood as being White or Red 
Oak) suitable for wagon material. To be clear 
and perfect stock, excepting the following de- 
fects, which will be admissible: 

2. Stain, penetrating not more than 1/16", 
and which shows no signs of rot. 

3. One sound knot not over 1/2" in diameter, 
not more than 12" from the center of the piece, 
or three sound pin knots not exceeding 1/4" 
diameter located in same manner. 

4. Splits, none. 

5. Season checks, not more than 1/2" deep 
nor more than 12" long. 

6. Heart rings, none. 

7. Shakes, if they can be planed out with 
1/8" cut. 

8. Not more than six pin worm holes in a 
Sandboard, these holes not to be in clusters of 
more than three holes 6" apart. 

9. Bird pecks, allowed, if sound. 

10. Will be measured excluding the wane. 

11. Bright sap accepted. 

12. Grain can cross 2" in length of Sand- 
board as maximum. 

13. If defects not admitted can be cut out 
so as to reduce Sandboard to a smaller size 
used and ordered by the buyer, it shall be so 
inspected. 

No. 1 REACHES 

1. To be cut from good, tough, straight- 
grained Oak or Hickory (when Oak is specified 
it will be understod as being White or Red 
Oak) suitable for wagon material. To be clear 
and perfect stock, free from knots, splits, 
hearts, grub holes, heart rings, shakes, or bird 
pecks. Bright sap accepted. The following de- 
fects will be admitted: 

2. Stain, pentrating not more than 1/16", 
and which shows no signs of rot. 

3. Season checks, not over 1/4" deep or 12" 
long. 



A. H. M. A. 129 



4. Not more than six pin worm holes in a 
Reach, these holes not to be in clusters of more 
than three holes 6" apart. 

POLES 

1. To be cut from good, tough, straight- 
grained Oak or Ash (when Oak is specified it 
will be understood as being White or Red Oak) 
suitable for wagon material. To be clear and 
perfect stock, free from knots, splits, hearts, 
grub holes, heart rings, shakes, or bird pecks. 
Bright sap accepted. The following defects 
will be admitted: 

2. Stain, penetrating not more than 1/16", 
and which shows no signs of rot. 

3. Season checks, not over 1/4" deep or 12" 
long, 

4. Not more than six pin worm holes -in a 
pole, these holes not to be in clusters of more 
than three holes 6" apart. 

EVENERS 

1. To be cut from good, tough, straight- 
grained Hickory, suitable for wagon material. 
To be clear and perfect stock, free from knots, 
splits, hearts, grub holes, heart rings, shakes, 
worm holes or wane. The following defects 
are admissible: 

2. Stain, penetrating not more than 1/16", 
and which shows no signs of rot. 

3. Season checks, not over 1/4" deep or 12" 
long. 

4. Worm holes, none. 

5. Bright sap no objection. 

6. Sound bird pecks admitted. 

No. T SAWED FELLOES 

1. To be cut from sound White or Red Oak, 
free from knots, and all other defects, except- 
ing that 1/16" stain will be allowed if said 
stain shows no signs of rot. Must be manufac- 
tured so that grain will run straight through 
center of each piece. Cut full sizes and proper 
circles. 

No. 2 WAGON STOCK 

1. Defects which will be removed in working 
the piece for the purpose intended shall not 
be considered. Sound stain, sound bird pecks, 
season checks well inside the edges of the 
piece, scattered pin worm holes, spot worm 
holes in clusters not less than six inches apart 
and not more than five holes to a cluster, and 
1/2" of wane on one corner that will not work 
off will be admitted in the No. 2 grade, unless 
otherwise specified. Defects described in these 
rules, combined or located in such a manner 
as seriously to impair the utility of the piece 



130 A. H. M. A. 



for the purpose intended, shall not be ad- 
mitted. 

2. Any defect not admitted that can be cut 
out so as to reduce the piece to a smaller size 
used and ordered by the buyer, it shall be so 
inspected. 

No. 2 AXLES 

1. No. 2 Axles will admit 3/4" sound knots, i 
1 1/4" sound knots not less than 12" apart, j 
two 1 1/4" unsound knots showing on one 
face only, or their equivalent in smaller de- j 
fects; season checks 1" deep and 24" long, 
end splits not exceeding 8" in length, grain 
crossing in not less than half the length of the 
piece, one inch of wane, two grub holes show- 
ing on one or two sides, or other defects equiva- 
lent to the above. 

2. Hewn axles shall be measured to square 
to the size they are ordered. 

3. Defects at ends of axles that will admit 
working 5' 6" to be accepted. 

No. 2 BOLSTERS AND SANDBOARDS 

1. (Same as No. 2 Axles except that no splits 
are admissible.) 

No. 2 POLES AND REACHES 

1. No. 2 Poles and Reaches will admit 3/4" 
sound knots that do not show through the 
piece and three 1/2" unsound knots that do 
not extend more than half through the piece, 
two grub holes showing on bottom or sides, 
splits 6" long in one end or the equivalent In 
both ends, grain crossing in not less than 
one-third the length of the piece, a vertical 
or lateral bend diverging not more than 1 1/2" 
from a straight line the length of the piece, 
or other defects equivalent to the above. 

No. 2 EVENERS, SINGLETREES, BRAKE- 
BEAMS AND NECK YOKES 

1. No. 2 Eveners. Singletrees. Brakebeams 
and Neck Yokes will admit two 1/2" knots not 
to be less than 6" from the center of the piece, 
or their equivalent In other defects. Un- 
sound knots shall not extend more than half 
through the piece. 

No. 2 SAWED FELLOES 

1. No. 2 Sawed Felloes will admit two 1 /'>" 
sound knots or their equivalent, two 3/4" 
knots or their equivalent, well inside the edges 
of the piece on the tread side; grain diverging 
two inches from the center line of the piece, 
in three-fourths its length. 



A. H. M. A. 131 



SPECIAL INSPECTION 

LOG RUN 

1. "Log Run" means the full run of the logs, 
with all grades below No. 2 Common excluded. 

No. 1 COMMON AND BETTER 

1. No. 1 Common and Better means the full 
run of the log with all grades below No. 1 Com- 
mon excluded. 

MILL RUN 

1. "Mill Run" means the full run of the log, 
No. 4 Common and Better. 

No. 1 COMMON FACE 

1. No. 1 Common Face to be inspected from 
the good side of the piece in the same size and 
number of cuttings allowed in the present rules 
for No. 1 Common. One face of the cuttings to 
be clear, the reverse side sound. 

No. 2 COMMON FACE 

1. No. 2 Common Face to be inspected from 
the good side of the piece in the same size and 
number of cuttings allowed in the present rules 
for No. 2 Common. One face of the cuttings 
to be clear, the reverse side sound. 



Squares 



1. Grades: Firsts and Seconds, Sound, No. 1 
Common and No. 2 Common. 

2. Sizes: 3x3", 4x4", 5x5", 6x6", 7x7", 8x8", 
9x9", 10x10" and 12x12". 

3. Lengths: Standard. 

4. In the grades of Firsts and Seconds and 
Sound, one-third of the pieces may have 
wane on one corner that will be removed in 
turning the square to its working size. 

5. Splits not exceeding 6" in length in one 
end in the grades of Firsts and Seconds and 
Sound are not to be considered defects; splits 
longer than 6" not to be admitted in these 
grades. 

6. Walnut, Cherry and Red Gum Squares will 
not admit more sap than will be removed in 
turning the square to its working size. Squares 
in other woods will admit any amount of bright 
sap. 

7. Boxed Hearts not allowed in the grades of 
Firsts and Seconds and Sound, nor in the cut- 
tings of No. 1 Common and No. 2 Common 
Squares. 



132 A. H. M. A. 



FIRSTS AND SECONDS 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. Sound standard defects are admitted ac- 
cording to the size of the square, as follows: 

3x3", 4x4" and 5x5", 1 sound standard defect. 
6x 6" and 7x 7", 2 sound standard defects. 
Sx 8" and 9x 9", 3 sound standard defects. 
10x10" and 12x12", 4 sound standard defects. 

SOUND 

1. Lengths: 8' to 16'. 

2. Sound discolored sap is no defect in this 
grade. 

3. Sound squares must work sound full 
length. 

No. 1 COMMON 

1. Slightly discolored sap is no defect in this 

2. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

3. No. 1 Common Squares must work 66 2/3% 
in cuttings 2' or over long by the full size of 
the square; three sides of each cutting must be 
clear; the fourth side may have one sound 
standard defect or its equivalent. 

No. 2 COMMON 

1. Lengths: 6' to 16'. 

2. No. 2 Common Squares must work 50% 
sound in cuttings 2' or over long, by the full 
size of the square. 



Kiln Dried Lumber 



1. Measurement and inspection on lumber to 
be kiln dried shall be made befor,e same is 
placed in the kiln. No inspection or measure- 
ment shall be made on kiln dried lumber after 
same has been kiln dried except by mutual 
agreement. 



A. H. M. A 



133 



OFFICIAL STANDARD WEIGHTS OF 
HARDWOOD LUMBER 

Rough 
Dry 

Ash 3/8" 1500 

1/2" 2000 

5/8" 2500 

3/4" 3000 

4/4" 3800 

5/4" 6/4" 3900 

o/i" 4000 

Basswood 4/4" 2600 

Beech 4/4" 4000 

Birch 4/4" 4000 

Black Gum 4/4" 3400 

Butternut 4/4" 2800 

Buckeye 4/4" 2600 

Cherry 4/4" 4000 

Chestnut 4/4" 2800 

Cottonwood 1/4" 1050 

3/8" 1050 

1/2" 1400 

5/8" 1750 

3/4" 2000 

4/4" 2800 

5/4" 6/4" 2900 

8/4" 3000 

Cypress 1/4" . 1200 

3/8" 1200 

1/2" 1500 

5/8" 1900 

4/4" 5/4" 6/4" 3000 

8/4" 3200 

10/4" 12/4" 16/4" 3500 

Elm (Soft) 4/4" 3200 

5/4" 6/4" 3300 

8/4" 3500 

10/4" 12/4" 3600 

Elm (Rock) . . 4/4" 3800 

Gum (Red) 1/4" 850 

3/8" "1300 

1/2" 1750 

5/8" 2200 

3/4" 2700 

4/4" 3500 

5/4" 6/4" 3600 

8/4" 3800 

Gum (Sap) 1/4" 800 

3/8" 1250 

1/2" 1700 

5/8" 2100 

3/4" 2500 

4/4" 3300 

5/4" 6/4" 3400 

8/4" 3600 

Hickory 4/4" 5000 

Axles and Reaches r >000 

Rim Strips 5000 



134 



A. H. M. A. 



Rough 
Dry 

Holly 4/4" 3500 

Locust 4/4" 4200 

Magnolia 4/4" 3500 

Maple (Soft) 4/4" 3250 

5/4" 6/4" 3350 

8/4" 3500 

Maple (Hard) 4/4" 4000 

Oak (Eastern) 3/8" 2000 

1/2" 2200 

5/8" 2700 

3/4" 3200 

4/4" 3900 

5/4" 6/4" 4000 

8/4" 4200 
Chair and Furniture 

Stock 4200 

Squares 4200 

Wagon Stock and 

Felloes 4500 

Plow Handle Strips... 4250 

Oak (Memphis Ter.)..*. .. 1/4" 1100 

3/8" 1700 

1/2" 2150 

5/8" 2700 

3/4" 3250 

4/4" 4200 

5/4" 6/4" 4300 

8/4" 4500 
Chair and Furniture 

Stock 4200 

Squares 4200 

Wagon Stock and 

Felloes 4500 

Plow Handle Strips... 4250 

Oak (La. and Tex.) 3/8" 1750 

1/2" 2200 

5/8" 2750 

3/4" 3400 

4/4" 4400 

5/4" 6/4" 4500 

8/4" 4800 

Pecan 4/4" 4800 

Poplar 3/8" 1050 

1/2" 1400 

5/8" 1600 

3/4" 2100 

4/4" 2800 

Sycamore 4/4" 3200 

Tupelo 4/4" 3000 

5/4" 6/4" 3100 

8/4" 3200 

Walnut 4/4" 4000 

Willow 4/4" 2800 




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